REEGENINEERING THE NIGERIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY: THE SYSTEMIC OPERATIONS MANAGENEMENT PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
Economic Diversification, Employment Generation, Environmental Sustainability, General System Concept, Sustainable Tourism, Systemic Model
Abstract
The Nigerian tourism industry boasts of potentials that when explored can boost socio-economic activities to enviable heights. Nevertheless, obvious challenges and vicissitudes that characterize the industry have left it operating below expectation. This study x-rayed how the industry can be reengineered for sustainability based on the systemic operations management perspective. The tenets of tourism and sustainable tourism were richly explored; while reengineering processes and implications of the systemic operations management perspective were highlighted. The main cause of the continuous underdevelopment of Nigerian tourism industry is the lack of investment in the sector. Government and private investors (domestic and foreign) are very limited in their investment drive due to some predicaments. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the rich tourism benefits in Nigeria and its capabilities to drastically reduce poverty, aid economic diversification (which is predominated by oil), employment generation, revenue redistribution and environmental sustainability are yet to be realized as the potentials of tourism remain largely untapped. Inspite of these challenges, the application of the reengineering process, anchored on systemic operations management can proffer lasting solutions.
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References
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Stamboulis, Y. &Skayannis, P. (2003) Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24, 35-43
Susana, R. (2013). The reengineering of tourism products: a case study of creative tourism in Viana do Castelo. Journal of Tourism Literature3(2), 27-31.
Tao, T.C.H.&Wall, G. (2009). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy.Tourism Management, 30(1), 90-98.
Tosun, C. (1998). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 22, 289-303.
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United Nation World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (2017). UNWTO Tourism Highlights Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284407910.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2000). Sustainable development [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://www.portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-url_id=248
United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development [UNWCED] (1987). Our commonfuture: From one earth to one world. Retrieved from http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
United Nation World Tourism Organization[UNWTO] (2011). Tourism and poverty reduction. http://step.unwto.org/content/tourism-andpoverty-alleviation-1
White, V., McCrum, G., Blackstock, K. L. &Scott, A. (2006) Indicators and sustainable tourism: Literature review.http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/ruralsustainability/LiteratureReview.pdf
Awaritefe, O. D. (2004). Destination image differences between prospective and actual tourist in Nigeria. Retrieved from http://www.jvm.sagepub.com/content/10/3/264.full.pdf
Awaritefe, O. D. (2007). Tourist characteristics and demand for tourism destination products in Nigeria, tropical Africa. Tourism Today: The Journal of the College of Hotel Management, (7). http://www.prd.uth.gr/uploads/publications/2007/78a80daa649a56612c82c47fd1431e9dc767aec9.pdf
Ayeni, D. A., & Ebohon, O. J. (2013). Exploring sustainable tourism in Nigeria for developmental growth. European Scientific Journal, 8(20), 126 – 140.
Bankole, A. O. (2013). Harnessing cultural heritage for tourism development in Nigeria: Issues and prospects. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.gifre.org/admin/papers/
Bitner, M. J. (1990). Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses.Journal of Marketing (April), 69-82.
Bodur, H. O. &Grohmann, B. (2005). Consumer responses to gift receipt in business-to consumer contexts.Psychology of Marketing, 22(5), 441-456.
Bola, O. A. (2010). Peace and Tourism in Nigeria. Retrieved from http://www.responsibletravel.org/resources/ documents/reports/TPhil
Briedenhann, J.& Wickens, E. (2004). Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas-vibrant hope or impossible dream? Tourism Management, 25, 71-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0261-5177(03)00063-3
Castellani, V.& Sala, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Tourism Management, 31(6), 871-880.
Counter, H (2002). Business Process Reengineering Now.http://www.hutex.com/bpr.htm
Eja, E. I., Oto, Y. E., Yaro, M. A., & Inyang, I. O. (2011). Impact of hospitality industry in poverty alleviation in a tourist destination: Cross River State scenario. Mediterranean journal of social sciences.
Eja, E., &Ajake, A. (2005). Tourism potentials as a strategy for sustainable development of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. International Journal of sociology and anthropology, 2(1), 53-60. Retrieved from http://jeteraps.scholarlinkresearch.org/articles/Success%20Factors%20Determining%20Nigeria%20as%20a %20Tourist%20Destination.pdf
Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C.&Tadasse, B. (2008). The impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14, 807-8188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008786440229
Felix, O.& Usman, A. R. (2008). Sustainable tourism development in Africa: The imperative for tourists/host communities’ securities. Retrieved from http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/raheemua/ARC
Gil, S. M.& Ritchie, J. R. (2008). Understanding the museum image formation process: A comparison of residents and tourists. Retrieved from http://jtr.sagepub.com/content/47/4/480gjcmp/HARNESSING.pdf
Goodale, J., M. Koerner, & Roney, J (1997). Analyzing the impact of service provider empowerment on perceptions of service quality inside an organization.Journal of Quality Management, 2(2), 191-215.
Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2006).UNWTO, UNDP, Tourism Development International, Nigeria Tourism Development Master Plan: Institutional Capacity Strengthening to the Tourism Sector in Nigeria, Final Report, Executive Summary. Retrieved from http://web.ng.undp.org/publications/enviroment/tourism_masterplan.pdf
Hall, C. M. (2007). Pro-poor tourism: Who benefits: Perspectives on tourism and poverty reduction.Channel View Publications. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/151599
Hammer, M. & Champy. J. (1993) Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution, Harper Collins, London
Hammer, M. & Stanton, S. (1995) The Reengineering Revolution. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
Hunter, C., (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 850-867.
Ioannides, D. (2006). Re-engineering established products and destinations. InTourism Business Frontiers: Consumers, Products and Industry. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 77-84
Kapoor, C. (2010). Benefits of Business Process Reengineering. http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-bpr/
Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: A conceptual approach. Tourism Management, 26(3), 431-445.
Manganelli, R.L. & Klein, M. (1994) The Reengineering Handbook A Step-by-Step Guide to Business Transformation. United States of America: AMACOM
Minciu, R., Popesu, D., Padurean, M., Hornoiu, R., &Baltaretu, A. (2012). Commercialization of holidays in the protected natural areas – form of the sustainable development in tourism. Commerce Contribution to Sustainable Development, 12(27), 83-98. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/46524074
Ndu, E. C. (2019). Systemic operations management of Imo State tourism industry: A focus on improving corporate performance through human capital development. International Journal of Operational Research in Management, Social Sciences & Education, 5(2), 235-262
Ndu, E. C. & Obiora, J. N. (2015). Cost benefit analysis and business process reengineering of hotels in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Economics and Public Sector Management, 3(1), 68-80www.internationalpolicybrief.org
Njoku, P. C. (2003). Government policies and their effects on tourism development in Nigeria. Abuja: National University Commission
Pollalis, Y.A., & Dimitriou, N.K. (2008). Knowledge management in virtual enterprises: A systemic multi-methodology towards the strategic use of information.International Journal of Information Management, 28(4), 305-321.
deRosnay, J. (1975), Le macroscope, Paris: Seuil.
Sitikantha, M.& Tapan, P. K. (2001). Socio political barrier to tourism mark. In South Asia: Indian Institute of Travel and Tourism Management. Bhubaneswar. http://cabdirect.org/abstracts/20043052683
Stamboulis, Y. &Skayannis, P. (2003) Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24, 35-43
Susana, R. (2013). The reengineering of tourism products: a case study of creative tourism in Viana do Castelo. Journal of Tourism Literature3(2), 27-31.
Tao, T.C.H.&Wall, G. (2009). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy.Tourism Management, 30(1), 90-98.
Tosun, C. (1998). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 22, 289-303.
United Nations Population Division (2019). United Nations world population prospects. https://population.un.org
United Nation World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (2017). UNWTO Tourism Highlights Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284407910.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2000). Sustainable development [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://www.portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-url_id=248
United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development [UNWCED] (1987). Our commonfuture: From one earth to one world. Retrieved from http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
United Nation World Tourism Organization[UNWTO] (2011). Tourism and poverty reduction. http://step.unwto.org/content/tourism-andpoverty-alleviation-1
White, V., McCrum, G., Blackstock, K. L. &Scott, A. (2006) Indicators and sustainable tourism: Literature review.http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/ruralsustainability/LiteratureReview.pdf
Published
2021-04-30
How to Cite
Ndu, E. C. (2021). REEGENINEERING THE NIGERIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY: THE SYSTEMIC OPERATIONS MANAGENEMENT PERSPECTIVE. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 4(04), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6989365
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