GPH-International Journal of Business Management
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm
<p style="font-family: Aptos; font-size: 16px; color: #222222;"><strong>e-ISSN: </strong>3027-0537 <strong>| p-ISSN: </strong>3027-0375 <strong>The <span style="color: #000000;">GPH-International Journal of Business Management</span> covers a wide range of topics in business and management, including Accounting, Advertising Management, Business Economics, Business Ethics, Corporate Governance, Development Planning, Business Intelligence, Organizational Communication, and more. This peer-reviewed journal provides a platform for high-quality research that advances the understanding and practices in these fields. </strong><strong><em>Impact Factor</em>: </strong><span style="color: #ff0000; font-size: 1.5em;">2.404</span></p>Global Publication Houseen-USGPH-International Journal of Business Management3027-0375<p>The authors and co-authors warrant that the article is their original work, does not infringe any copyright, and has not been published elsewhere. By submitting the article to <a class="is_text" href="https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/index">GPH-International Journal of Business Management</a>, the authors agree that the journal has the right to retract or remove the article in case of proven ethical misconduct.</p>Empowering local brands: The role of government and marketing in driving growth
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1688
<p>Branding creates a unique identity that resonates with consumers' emotions and values, enabling small businesses to thrive globally, with initiatives like One Town One Product (OTOP) balancing local authenticity and international appeal. Local brands act as cultural ambassadors, enhancing national identity and driving economic growth, while consumer ethnocentrism fosters loyalty to local products. Government support plays a key role in fostering innovation and expanding market opportunities for MSMEs. This study explores the impact of marketing strategies and government support on local businesses and community development, using a descriptive-correlational design with data from 50 MSME owners or managers in Camarines Sur. The findings led to the development of the APPA Model, "Assessing Products and Profit Advancement," which provides two integrable marketing strategies for MSMEs and governments, emphasizing sustainability, flexibility, and modern principles. The model's spiral-shaped design highlights priorities, balancing cost-efficient strategies with actionable forecasted data for businesses and focusing on subsidization, regulation, and infrastructure for governments. It encourages adaptation, ethical practices, and competitive advantages for sustainable growth. Local governments support MSMEs by addressing financial disparities through accessible financing options like microloans, grants, and subsidies, enabling businesses to invest in marketing, infrastructure, and operations. Tailored support, such as mentorship and networking, helps newer businesses establish a market presence. Strategic policies, streamlined processes, and infrastructure investment boost MSME competitiveness, promoting long-term economic growth. The APPA Model fosters a collaborative ecosystem for sustainable local enterprise development by aligning resources with business needs.</p>Kisscheele R. DelovieresKimberly C. MondalaMaria Crestine E. MontalbanPantaleon Jr. A. MorallosNico A. OgarteJohnine A. SiaLuzien Justina E. TorresLeslie T. Zeta
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2025-01-042025-01-04801013610.5281/zenodo.14599418Enhancing Farmer Engagement in Cooperatives: Implications of Awareness and Interest
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1694
<p>This study aimed to identify the motivations of farmers in Camarines Sur, Philippines to join cooperatives. By examining their awareness and interest levels, the researchers used a descriptive-correlational research design and gathered data from 308 farmers through surveys and interviews. The findings showed that most farmers were married, male, had completed high school, owned small landholdings, and had limited income. Many farmers lacked awareness about the benefits of joining cooperatives, especially the personal benefits, which impacted their interest in joining. The study found that economic factors like access to financial aid for seeds, fertilizers, and equipment were the biggest reasons farmers showed interest in cooperatives. Personal motivations, such as individual growth opportunities, were less influential due to low outreach. There was also a strong connection between farmers' awareness of financial benefits and their willingness to join cooperatives. Barriers to joining cooperatives included lack of information, distrust, and the lack of cooperatives near the farmers. The study crafted Project Enganyo, a strategy for continuous improvement within cooperatives to address these challenges and enhance farmer involvement. Strategies such as highlighting financial benefits, offering clear communication, and supporting market access could encourage more farmers to join cooperatives. Addressing these issues can improve farmer engagement and support sustainable agricultural development in Camarines Sur.</p>Edmund Carlos B. AvilaMark Cesar R. Del RosarioJohnrei MalenizaNico Arjo C. MoraNico A. OgarteJacob Q. RodriguezChristian Ryan A. Velasco
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2025-01-082025-01-08801376810.5281/zenodo.14617242Decoding Success: Key Drivers of Effective Remote Leadership in the Modern Workplace
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1687
<p>This study investigates the key challenges faced by virtual leaders and how these challenges impact their performance in the modern workplace. Employing a quantitative approach, the research integrates quantitative research techniques to gather comprehensive data. Quantitative data are collected through structured surveys and statistical analysis to measure correlations between specific challenges and leader performance. The findings reveal that communication barriers, time management difficulties, and team collaboration challenges significantly affect performance, with team collaboration challenges being the most impactful. Recommendations include targeted training programs, the use of advanced technology tools, and leadership strategies tailored to individual team member profiles to enhance remote leadership effectiveness. This research contributes to understanding the nuances of virtual leadership and offers practical strategies for overcoming challenges to improve team outcomes.</p>Joy Sarah C. DelovieresRonald Allan A. MarianoRoxanne Mae ViolaPocholo de Guzman FloresMarvie Benito BalondoMay Anne Lodor
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2025-01-082025-01-088016910210.5281/zenodo.14617489Institutional Ownership and Insolvency Risk: The moderating Role of Share Ownership Concentration in Nigeria
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1729
<p>Sequel to seeming paradox of having institutional shareholders and growing business mortality rate, despite their reputation of monitoring expertise, this study was carried out to evaluate the impact of institutional ownership oninsolvency risk of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria, within the moderating framework of share ownership concentration. Insolvency risk was measured using Altman’s Z-score to construct insolvency probability, based on the Z-score as log-odd ratio function of solvency probability. Institutional ownership and share ownership concentration were operationalized in terms of their proportion to total number of shares in issue. Secondary data were collected from the annual financial reports of thirty-three listed manufacturing companies, using purposive sampling technique. Multiple linear regression was used as the statistical tool. Following analyses, it was found that institutional ownership exerts negative impact on insolvency risk, while ownership concentration exerts positive influence on insolvency risk. But when the moderating influence of share ownership concentration was isolated and put under control, insolvency risk’s response coefficient became a decreasing linear function of share ownership concentration. Therefore, this study has produced conclusive evidence that the avowed monitoring effectiveness of institutional shareholders depends on their block-shareholding status, without which they gravitatetowards passive opportunism.Hence, among other recommendations, companies with high concentration of corporate share ownership should seek to attract institutional investors and create incentives for them to maintain high equity stakes in order to minimize their insolvency risk.</p>Fred-Horsfall, Fred VincentBriggs, Onamariwari O.
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2025-01-102025-01-1080110311710.5281/zenodo.14627720Influences of financial inclusion to the development of the municipality of Gainza
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1690
<p>Financial inclusion is recognized as a catalyst for reducing poverty and promoting economic resilience. The research examines how financial inclusion impacts Gainza’s economic growth, social factors, government projects, and overall quality of life. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the study combines quantitative data, such as metrics on banking access, microfinance penetration, and digital payment adoption, with qualitative insights gathered from interviews with government officials to assess strategies that can be formulated considering their current situation. This study determines and evaluates the overall financial inclusion of the residents and the development of the municipality as of 2024. A development strategy was crafted: “USAD: A Strategic Plan towards Financial Inclusion in the Municipality of Gainza.” It stands for the acronym U.S.A.D.—Understanding, Support, Accessibility, and Development. Using a descriptive research survey of 369 residents and in-person interviews with government officials, the findings reveal the Municipality of Gainza can also be considered a competitive municipality in the field of financial inclusion. Gainza has the means to offer different financial services to its residents, such as savings, insurance, loans, and investments. However, barriers like lack of financial literacy, lack of financial institutions, and limited options for available financial products limit them from reaching a wider range of residents in the area. This leads to the moderate development status of the Municipality because residents are unaware of and struggling to participate in different economic activities.</p>Jeff Andre C. CatoyTrixan Heart F. JobAin Lee A. LataganDexter B. MoisesBenedict R. Santiago
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2025-01-102025-01-1080111814110.5281/zenodo.14628753Impact of Green Marketing on Eatery Businesses in Naga City
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1695
<p>This study aims to determine the business profile of restaurant businesses in Naga City, the impact of green marketing along monthly sales, price, product, service; and if there is a significant correlation between green marketing and its impact to restaurant businesses. The mixed-method was used as the data gathering method, and weighted mean and ranking were used in interpreting the data. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine if there is a correlation between green marketing practices and its impact on restaurant business. People are more likely to choose a restaurant that cares about the environment. When a place shows it's making an effort to be eco-friendly—whether by reducing waste, conserving energy, or using locally sourced ingredients it tends to create a positive impression and build trust with customers who are sustainable. These green practices don't just value making a restaurant look good; they also help keep things cleaner and safer. By focusing on environmentally responsible choices, restaurants can improve their sanitation, reduce the use of harmful chemicals, and ensure healthier food. Customers feel more confident knowing the establishment cares about their health and the planet. There was no significant correlation between green marketing practices and its impact on restaurant business.</p>Mary Rose N. AndaluzPortia Joy B. AquinoEleson E. GanahanAlliah Gail V. NacionNico A. OgarteRegina Belle F. Sabas
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2025-01-102025-01-1080114216610.5281/zenodo.14629487Impact of cash flow management on the financial performance of micro and small pharmaceutical businesses in Naga City
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1719
<p>Cash flow management practices significantly influence the financial performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). This research investigates the impact of cash flow management on the financial performance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Naga City. It examines the relationship between effective cash flow management practices (operating, financing and investing) and key financial performance indicators (such as Sales generation, disbursement control and collection of receivables) among MSEs in the city. The study aims to determine the extent to which improved cash flow management contributes to enhanced financial performance of the business. Using a descriptive correlational design, the researchers conducted data gathering through surveys and interviews with 30 respondents, 21 Micro Enterprise and 9 Small Enterprise Pharmacies in Naga City which made us come up with our P-H-A-R-M-A R-E-A-D-Y, a combined approach model that highlights business strategies and concept that not only focuses in financial planning context but also with the integration of disaster preparedness.</p>Sheralyn Delas NievesSherwin Gino H. CrillanesLovely CullatGeryliza BelgadoAmerlyn TempladoMyra D. Benegas
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2025-01-102025-01-1080116719610.5281/zenodo.14629983Assessing the Level of Financial Literacy of Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP) Students of University Nueva Caceres (UNC)
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1661
<p>This study aimed to assess the financial literacy of ETEEAP students at UNC, examining their demographic profile, including gender, age, educational attainment, salary range, job position, and work status. It sought to identify factors affecting their financial skills and knowledge based on four pillars: spending, saving, asset protection, and borrowing. Additionally, the study aimed to recommend strategies to enhance their financial literacy.</p> <p>A descriptive method was used, with 37 ETEEAP students from the 2023-2024 school year completing a questionnaire survey via Google Forms. Data analysis techniques included Frequency and Percentage, Likert Scale, Weighted Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness, Chi-Square Test, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation. The results revealed a significant correlation between the financial literacy levels of ETEEAP students and various demographic factors. Financial skills and knowledge were influenced not only by cognitive ability but also by social interactions and cultural background. The study identified areas for improvement in financial awareness and proposed interventions to enhance financial decision-making skills.</p>Maribel BallonBrando Damaso AvenillaOscar Breto IIIShirley MillaChristian Michael MonedaNeil Yap PaternoChelsey Chelsey
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2025-01-112025-01-1180119722010.5281/zenodo.14631293Implications of price inflation of rice in Naga City
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1662
<p>This study explores the implications of rice price inflation on consumers in Naga City, Philippines, focusing on demographic profiles, awareness levels, and effects on personal, financial, and social aspects. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, using survey questionnaires to gather data from 100 rice consumers. The findings indicate that consumers are most aware of the environmental factors, such as natural disasters, affecting rice prices, while awareness of economic and political factors is moderate. Additionally, the study finds a disparity in awareness levels among different demographic groups, suggesting targeted educational interventions may be beneficial. The study highlights significant personal and financial stress among consumers due to rising rice prices, impacting their ability to maintain quality meals and manage budgets. Despite the awareness of inflation factors, there is no significant correlation between awareness levels and mitigation of inflation effects, suggesting that consumers struggle to adapt to rising costs. Furthermore, the research reveals a need for more community support systems to assist vulnerable populations. The collected data shows that female consumers are more aware of economic factors, emphasizing their role in household food security. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for coping with rice price inflation, including community education and support measures. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address the challenges of rice price inflation and enhance food security in Naga City.</p>Nico A. OgarteMarinel S. MendozaRose Ann B. LocañasMay Ruzelle D. CadoresJasper L. DaomarJoaben L. De Los ReyesRey E. Villaseñor
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2025-01-112025-01-1180122124710.5281/zenodo.14631438Coaching modalities: Its implications on the performance of employees in a BPO company
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1663
<p>In the ever-evolving landscape of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, the performance of employees stands as a measure for organizational success. The strategic implementation of coaching has emerged as a potent instrument, aiming to augment employee skills, promote engagement, and ultimately propel performance to greater heights. This study investigated the impact of different coaching modalities (in-person vs. virtual) on the performance of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) employees in the post-pandemic context. There were 53 employees (27 on-site and 26 work from home) from a BPO company who participated in the survey, exploring performance levels, coaching experiences, and perceived factors influencing performance. Statistical analysis included frequency/percentage, weighted means, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The on-site employees receiving in-person coaching generally outperformed work from home employees with virtual coaching. Compensation and benefits had a positive relationship with performance, while organizational support and culture, despite being highly regarded by employees, did not show a significant impact on performance. Personal and family factors negatively affected performance. Additionally, employee profiles (age, gender, education, work experience) influenced performance levels. The BPO Company shall sustain providing competitive salary and benefit packages including performance driven monetary incentive programs. Establishing an inspection piece has to be in place to measure compliance and quality of coaching and support being given. The company shall strategize interventions involving the employee relations, clinic, and the managers to help employees identify personal and family stressors and address it through dialogues and stress management learning sessions.</p>Nico A. OgarteRey Ceasar T. BercasioLourdes A. De La CruzShery Dawn N. FloranzaFernando V. GonzalezMartin Rutherford R. MoralesJohn Felix G. Pili
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2025-01-112025-01-1180124827410.5281/zenodo.14631583Awareness and interest in real estate of 4th year financial management students at the universities in Naga City
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1664
<p>This study delves into the awareness and interest in real estate investment among 4th-Year Financial Management Students in Naga City for the academic year 2023. Demographic factors such as age, gender, civil status, university enrollment, and economic status were considered, exploring their potential impact on awareness and interest levels. The research aims to uncover any significant relationships between these factors and determine differences in awareness levels among students across universities. Quantitative data, crucial for a comprehensive understanding, was collected through a purposeful convenience sample of 60 randomly selected 4th-year Financial Management students. A descriptive-correlational research design was adopted, employing both paper and Google Forms for survey questionnaires. Most Financial Management students surveyed were females, aged 20-22, predominantly single and unemployed. Significant relationships were perceived between gender and university enrollment concerning interest in real estate investment. However, no significant relationship was found between students' profiles and their awareness of real estate investment. Students displayed the highest awareness regarding the long-term appreciation of real estate values. In contrast, awareness of promising opportunities in Naga City scored lower. Overall, real estate investment interest was high (mean = 4.42). Notably, students expressed great interest in participating in real estate training or seminars (mean = 4.53), though interest in incorporating real estate into financial goals was slightly lower (mean = 4.32).</p>Gil Jose SarteLyka Abegail G. BabagayRonabel O. ManzanoJackiely R. PasionaMary Ann G. PavorealAires A. RequintinaFrancis Jan B. Sarte
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2025-01-112025-01-1180127529710.5281/zenodo.14631736CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AMONGST CAMEROON FEMALE INTERPRETERS
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1735
<p>The current research aims at investigating the challenges Cameroon female interpreters face in maintaining work-life balance.It is a sociological study of the challenges faced by female interpreters in maintaining work-life balance in an African context where they are equally expected to be devoted housewives, in addition to being career women.Most youths investing in this field may never know what the field holds for them as professionals are usually distant and only mirror the good side of things.Based on a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, the study draws data from six (6) interviews and fifty (50) questionnaires. Findings revealed that Cameroon female interpreters face challenges related to family responsibilities, professional demands, health issues, disorganisation, financial constraints, job dissatisfaction, gender, stigmatisation, sexual harassment and incompetence. Results equally showed that the challenges faced across the three generations sampled are significantly similar by 88% and only different by 12%. Somecoping strategiesto balance work and life are:defining priorities, having support systems, adopting healthy lifestyle, making consensus, sticking to values and beliefs, and investing in capacity building..</p>NDJE, CHRIST URIELA EMILIESEBESTIAN, GANDU
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2025-01-122025-01-1280129832110.5281/zenodo.14634557Influences of debt appetite to lending practices of microfinance institutions in Camarines Sur
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1683
<p>This study explored the relationship between debt appetite and the lending practices of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Camarines Sur. By examining various demographic factors such as age, income, education, and employment status, the research identifies significant determinants that influence borrowers' willingness and ability to incur debt. It highlights the crucial role of financial literacy in shaping debt- related behaviors and decisions. The findings suggest that MFIs can tailor their lending practices to meet the needs of different borrower segments better, thereby improving financial inclusion and stability. Key strategies include providing well-designed loan products, offering financial education such as <em>Project KALINGA</em>, and implementing proactive monitoring and support mechanisms. This approach enhances the effectiveness of MFIs and promotes responsible borrowing and sustainable economic growth in Camarines Sur. Data were obtained using descriptive correlational design to examine the connection of the level of debt appetite of borrowers in terms of personal aspects, social factors, and economic factors, the lending practices of microfinance institutions along with loan offerings, collections, insurance, and understanding borrowing behaviors of the respondents. The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage analysis, weighted means and rank, chi-square, and Pearson correlation to identify patterns and relationships among personal aspects, social factors, and economic factors. The purpose of this study is to close the knowledge gap about how lending practices, particularly in Camarines Sur, are impacted by debt appetite.</p>Jose R. VelardeEmarn Anthony C. VerdejoAileen Joy RamosBen John R. AlvarezGerhard B. MoranteJames Carlos NamoroJulia Ramirez
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2025-01-142025-01-1480132234710.5281/zenodo.14643262Employability of BSBA graduates: A tracer study of the University of Nueva Caceres class of 2023
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1718
<p>This tracer study examined the employment outcomes and program effectiveness for Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) graduates from the University of Nueva Caceres in 2023. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews. The study found that 59.20% of BSBA graduates successfully transitioned to employment under Non-Labor Force Participation (NLFP), while 40.80% were categorized under Labor Force Participation (LFP).</p> <p>Factors contributing to employability included relevant curriculum content, valuable internship experiences, and effective career services. Graduates generally perceived their academic preparation as well-aligned with job demands. However, areas for improvement were identified, including enhanced digital skills integration and extended career support.</p> <p>Recommendations for improving future graduates' employability include expanding practical learning opportunities, strengthening industry partnerships, and promoting entrepreneurial skills and global competency. This study provides valuable insights for curriculum development and career support strategies in business education.</p>Florabel O. Nieva
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2025-01-152025-01-1580134836710.5281/zenodo.14651047Personal Service and Competitiveness of Oil and Gas Exploration and Producing Companies in the South-South Region of Nigeria
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1706
<p>This study examined the relationship between personal service and the competitiveness of oil and gas exploration and producing companies in the South-South Region of Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study comprises all the oil and gas companies that operate in the South-South region of Nigeria. There are 131 companies involved in oil and gas exploration and production in the South-South region of Nigeria. Because the population of the study is small, the researcher handled the entire population for the study. Regarding the respondents, two senior managers in the operations and finance of each company were considered for this study. Therefore, the total number of respondents became 262 from the 131 companies involved in oil and gas exploration and production in the South-South region of Nigeria. Primary data was collected using a 5-point Likert scaled questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between personal service and the competitiveness of oil and gas exploration and producing companies in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that management of oil and gas exploration and producing companies should strategically integrate gig workers into their operations, especially in roles that require specialized skills, temporary expertise, or project- based contributions.</p>Nwakanma, Spencer Ugochukwu
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2025-01-162025-01-1680136838210.5281/zenodo.14671028The Impact of government programs on the financial well-being of Bicolano overseas Filipino workers
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1743
<p>This study aims to assess the effectiveness, accessibility, and implementation of government programs available to Bicolano Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and explore their financial well-being in relation to these programs. Specifically, it investigates how the presumed benefits, accessibility, and implementation of government programs such as PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, SSS Flexi-Fund, and others impact the financial health of Bicolano OFWs. The study further explores the demographic profiles of these workers to understand their financial behavior and the relationship between these factors. The results indicate that most government programs are perceived as somewhat effective, accessible, and implemented, with significant variations in how they impact different aspects of financial well-being. The study finds moderate relationships between the level of financial well-being and the effectiveness of these programs, particularly in the economic and social aspects. Notably, the programs have a stronger impact on the economic well-being of Bicolano OFWs, with moderate relationships found between the programs' effectiveness and financial outcomes. However, gaps in awareness, accessibility, and reintegration support remain, suggesting the need for improved program delivery. A total of 50 respondents, all Bicolano OFWs, participated in the study. The statistical design employed was descriptive correlational analysis, utilizing Chi-square tests to assess relationships between demographic factors and the financial well- being of the participants. The tools used for data collection included a structured questionnaire that measured respondents' perceptions of government programs and their financial well-being. The results of the study provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by Bicolano OFWs and offer recommendations for enhancing government programs to improve their financial stability and overall well-being.</p>Jon Jon M. PonganJane E. PuaJacqueline M. LeeHerbert Louie D. PeñasArlene A. SegismundoLhinette A. Bernal
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2025-01-192025-01-1980138342110.5281/zenodo.14691111Effectiveness of the city events, protocol, and public information office events management of LGU Naga
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1736
<p>This study aims to develop an enhanced events management framework for the City Events, Protocol, and Public Information Office (CEPPIO) of Naga City to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of managing public events. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study gathered data from 42 respondents, comprising CEPPIO staff and stakeholders involved in event planning and management. It examines the existing practices and challenges in CEPPIO’s event management processes and their impact on operational success. Specifically, the study investigates four key areas: planning, coordination, implementation, and post-event evaluation, identifying the best practices currently employed. It also explores the logistical, financial, technological, and organizational challenges CEPPIO faces and analyses the relationship between the effectiveness of its events management practices and these challenges. Findings highlight the strengths of CEPPIO’s current practices, such as strategic coordination and structured planning, while also revealing critical barriers, including limited technological resources and logistical constraints. The study establishes a weak to no correlation between the effectiveness of CEPPIO's practices and the challenges encountered, underscoring the need for targeted improvements. Based on these insights, the proposed framework introduces actionable recommendations, including clarifying role assignments, enhancing staff capacity, strengthening coordination, and investing in modern communication tools. These recommendations aim to create a more adaptive and responsive event management process, ultimately enhancing public event outcomes for Naga City.</p>Reymund De Leon AntonioKevi Emmanuel BasaRobin Carlos BernalAriel A. MedenillaMark Nonnie RullJoan SD Valencia
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2025-01-222025-01-2280142246410.5281/zenodo.14720939Small-scale online sellers: Inputs for sustainable business strategy
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1727
<p>The emergence of online platforms has paved the way for many entrepreneurs to broaden their audience. In Naga City, online selling can be considered to be dominant in the e-commerce industry as more and more people try this venture. This study aims to look into the profile of the online sellers in Naga City, as well as the challenges they face in terms of personal, social, financial, regulatory, and technological aspects. Furthermore, it aims to identify the profile that influences these challenges. The study made use of descriptive-correlational research design method for comparative data analysis of key variables. 30 online sellers from Naga City participated in the survey. The gathered data were analyzed through frequency counts and percentage, weighted means, ranks, and chi square. The findings have revealed that majority of the respondents were female, high school graduate, has operating for 1-3 years, and started with a capital ranging from Php 10,000- Php 50,000. In terms of personal challenges, allotting enough personal time is the biggest problem. In terms of social, online sellers’ biggest challenge is the tight competition with others. In terms of financial, cash implication such as refund or loss going is the biggest issue. Not receiving help from the government and legal barriers on import or export are the biggest challenges in terms of regulatory, while technical issues with payment systems of online transactions is the hardest issue in terms of technological aspects. Findings have also revealed that age has an impact on personal and technological issues, suggesting that older sellers may have a harder time facing them. Furthermore, educational attainment has been revealed to have a significant impact on personal, social, and technological aspects, suggesting that sellers with higher education performs better in solving problems along these areas. The researchers highly advise the government to allot more help to online sellers as they are progressively rising.</p>Edelyn AlinarteManchie PaleroAriel ArtanaLeodel MenesMylene Pidot
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2025-01-242025-01-2480146548410.5281/zenodo.14731374The level of efficiency of the payroll process system in the city government of Naga
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1741
<p>This study aimed to evaluate the payroll process system within the Human Resource Management of the City Government of Naga, focusing on improving payroll accuracy and efficiency, ensuring regulatory compliance, and enhancing employee satisfaction. The study sought to answer key questions regarding the level of efficiency of payroll processing practices, identifying challenges in payroll management, and examining the relationship between efficiency and the challenges faced. Specifically, it looked at the efficiency in terms of accuracy, timeliness, system coverage, and reporting, while also exploring challenges related to payroll implementation, technological limitations, and human resource management. The study utilized a descriptive- correlational design, employing statistical tools such as correlation analysis to assess the relationships between variables. A total of 48 respondents, comprising HR personnel and payroll management staff, participated in the study. The findings revealed that the payroll system's efficiency was rated highly effective in accuracy, timeliness, and coverage, while challenges were primarily linked to payroll implementation and technological limitations. The analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the level of efficiency and challenges in payroll management, with strong to very strong relationships identified between different payroll system components and management challenges. Based on these findings, the study recommends the implementation of more advanced payroll systems, continuous staff training, and the development of a comprehensive Payroll Process Manual to standardize procedures and improve payroll operations.</p>Nessica Loise M. CanaveWilma V. PartosJoan L. RoquidKeesha Claire P. LosoriagaManuel T. Pahuyo
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2025-01-242025-01-2480148551310.5281/zenodo.14735409WORK STUDY BALANCE: FACED BY UNC SBA LIFELONG LEARNERS (Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency Program 2022-2024)
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1744
<p>Balancing work, study, and personal commitments is a critical skill for lifelong learners in the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP). This study examines the challenges faced by ETEEAP students in achieving work-study balance, focusing on personal, social, mental, and economic dimensions. It also proposes strategies to address these challenges through the W.O.R.K. (Wellness, Opportunity, Resilience, and Knowledge) and P.L.A.N.S. (Plan, Lead, Act, Navigate, and Success) models. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 52 respondents through surveys and interviews. Findings revealed that personal and economic challenges were the most significant barriers, with age significantly associated with mental challenges. However, no notable associations were observed between other demographic factors, such as gender, civil status, educational attainment, employment, and income, and the studied dimensions. Based on these results, strategic action plans are proposed to assist ETEEAP students in effectively managing their academic and professional responsibilities.</p>Venus B. ApaMeryl M. BersabalAmado ManlangitFrancis Anton T. PadoClaudine F. PayacagRoger R. San Buenaventura
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2025-01-242025-01-2480151453610.5281/zenodo.14735722Operational Efficiency of Dong Valenz View Deck Cafe
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1745
<p>The global tourism industry has grown significantly, with small businesses like cafes playing a key role in enhancing tourist destinations. These establishments face operational challenges, especially in rural areas. In the Philippines, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter issues such as resource limitations and employee retention. Dong Valenz View Deck Cafe in Ocampo, Camarines Sur, faces challenges in resource management, skilled labor, and service consistency. This study aims to identify these management challenges and offer strategies to improve operations, supporting sustainable tourism. The sample included eleven participants, including managers and staff with direct knowledge of the cafe's operations. The findings suggest, that in order to enhance performance, the cafe should strengthen its digital presence through engaging social media and optimized website content, while incorporating tourism-focused marketing to attract more visitors. It should diversify revenue streams by creating tourist packages and partnering with local businesses. Improving employee retention through better training, engagement, and compensation will reduce turnover and enhance service quality. Investing in modern infrastructure and fostering local partnerships will improve operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and long-term sustainability. Targeted strategies for Dong Valenz View Deck Café include enhancing digital marketing efforts, leveraging rural tourism opportunities, and diversifying revenue with merchandise and catering services. Optimizing inventory management and improving staff clarity through role descriptions and performance monitoring will boost engagement. Upgrading technical systems and ensuring regular maintenance will enhance service efficiency. Lastly, strengthening local partnerships and maximizing workforce availability will solidify community ties and help adapt to seasonal demands.</p>Austero, Joseph GlennBertumen, Marella FrancescaBotor, Helen Louise
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2025-01-252025-01-2580153755910.5281/zenodo.14737285The effects of incentives and rewards in motivating virtual assistants in Naga City, Camarines Sur
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1746
<p>The shift to remote work has reshaped employment practices, highlighting the essential role of virtual assistants (VAs) in supporting businesses globally. This study investigated the effects of incentives and rewards on motivating VAs in Naga City, Camarines Sur. Specifically, it aimed to determine the types of monetary and non-monetary incentives most effective in motivating VAs, examine how these incentives influence work efficiency, productivity, and job satisfaction, and propose an enhancement program to sustain and improve motivation. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed 100 respondents to gather data on the motivational impact of various rewards. Findings revealed that tailored incentives, such as productivity bonuses and non-monetary recognitions like professional growth opportunities, significantly enhance work performance and satisfaction. Guided by Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, an enhancement program was designed to address VAs' needs. This program includes skill development workshops, wellness initiatives, and recognition schemes to foster engagement and collaboration. The study offers valuable insights for employers and stakeholders on optimizing remote workforce management through structured motivational strategies. Implementing these approaches ensures a more productive and satisfied VA workforce, contributing to organizational success in an increasingly competitive digital economy. This research highlights the importance of aligning incentives with employee needs to achieve sustainable workplace motivation, and more engaged, productivity driven work force in delivering organizational success.</p>Maria Alida MoresFlorabel Nieva
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2025-01-272025-01-2780156057010.5281/zenodo.14744575Key factors on marketing strategies of selected aesthetic clinics in Naga City
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1749
<p>This study delves into the key factors influencing the marketing strategies of selected aesthetic clinics in Naga City, a region characterized by a competitive and growing aesthetic market. The research employed a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with 10 respondents from aesthetic clinics, chosen through purposive sampling based on criteria such as frequent client visits and diverse service experiences. The findings highlight several crucial strategies that differentiate successful clinics. Enhancing online presence through content marketing, including high-quality before-and-after photos, patient testimonials, and informative blog posts on treatment trends, is paramount. Leveraging cutting-edge technology, such as Omni channel marketing, ensures a seamless patient journey across all touchpoints, including social media, email marketing, and the clinic's website. Paid advertising, particularly targeted ad campaigns and strong SEO strategies, drives high-intent traffic and sets the clinic apart through niche marketing. Understanding the target demographic and tailoring the message to meet their specific aesthetic concerns is also essential, involving the creation of detailed customer personas and the use of local SEO to attract local clients. The study underscores that a combination of innovative marketing strategies, technological integration, and a deep understanding of the target market are critical for the success and growth of aesthetic clinics in Naga City, enabling them to stand out in a competitive landscape and achieve higher client satisfaction and retention.</p>Aljean S. BelenStephanie S. Punzalan
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2025-01-272025-01-2780157559310.5281/zenodo.14750418Level of awareness in terms of short film making in the province of Camarines Norte: Key towards improved customer service of the Teatro Cam Norte Film Production Company
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1754
<p>The level of awareness in terms of short film making in the province of Camarines Norte: key towards improved customer service of the Teatro Cam Norte Film Production Company is a formulated concept of this study to essentially establish how a small company emerges in the sea of stiff competition in the business world especially the kind of venture which deals with lots of challenges and experimentations. As the subject matter of this study, the Teatro Cam Norte (TCN) Film Production Company on how they will be faired in the market.</p> <p>Using purposive convenience sampling method, the researchers conducted surveys and interviews to thirty (30) respondents with businesses within the province of Camarines Norte to attain the chance of small business like Teatro Cam Norte Film Production can penetrate the market of providing film making, video for commercial and advertising campaign and acting workshop for film and theater artists. This also gauges the level of awareness of prospective clients to the services offered by the company as well as how it will turn out into interest of acquiring the services. Assessing these measures to come up for an effective marketing strategy.</p> <p>The survey revealed that the type of Industry of respondents’ is statistically significance with the study to who are majority prospect clients of the Teatro Cam Norte Film Production. It also shows that the respondents prefer to have quality output or service than thinking of the prices. In terms of customer channel, respondents unaware of company’s means of disseminating information thru flyers and business letters and much preferred to use social media platform.</p> <p>The proposed marketing Strategy includes the enhancement of technical gadgets and equipment use by Teatro Cam Norte Film Production as the major setback in terms of awareness of respondents on their scope of service.</p>Benjamin D. EnesioJeremy Daniel V. SabidoRuel V. PaladoZayin E. Zarmiento
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2025-01-312025-01-3180159462410.5281/zenodo.14780548Book Review - The 5 Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace
https://gphjournal.org/index.php/bm/article/view/1753
<p><strong>Synopsis and Evaluation</strong> </p> <p>The Five Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace offers an eye-opening leadership approach to understanding methods of understanding and empowerment within organizations. The authors, Gary Chapman and Paul White, began researching how the five love languages apply to work-based relationships, leading to their publication in 2011. The book connects Chapman’s 5 Love Languages, a published framework for effective relationships, to White’s workplace research. As workplace environments change over time, research also evolves. The authors updated and revised their resources in 2019. Together Chapman and White created a workplace appreciation inventory aligned to the book that allows participants to better understand their preferred language of appreciation. Sales of the book grow each year, as the resources included are proven to provide an understanding of how to communicate appreciation to team members and ensure success effectively. This book guides how to make staff members feel valued, decrease staff turnover, and create an overall more positive work environment.</p>Emily Haire
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2025-01-272025-01-2780157157410.5281/zenodo.14750156