THE EFFECTS OF SOME CULTURAL PRACTICES ON THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN BALI NYONGA, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
Keywords:
Cultural Practices, traditional taboos, Social Integration, Bali Nyonga, Women
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of some cultural practices on the social integration of women in Bali Nyonga, North West Region of Cameroon. It sought to specifically examine traditional taboos that impact the social integration of women in Bali. The qualitative research approach was used and the design adopted was phenomenological and ethnography. A sample size of 40 women was selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were analyzed thematically and grounded. Findings showed that Traditional taboos hinder the social integration of women negatively in Bali Nyonga as women do not eat certain food and beef such as gizzards, goat meat, egg, chicken, prepared by men and they are not allowed to enter into juju houses. The study generally revealed that while there exist some cultural practices that hinder the social integration of women, there are some positive perspectives of these cultural practices. The study recommends that the traditional councils should sensitise, and carry out enlightenment campaign to educate the Bali indigenes on the necessity of women’s social integration in the community.
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Wardhaugh, R. (1986). An Introduction to sociolinguistic. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Adetunji, H. A. (2001). “Re-orientating the african women today” in Akintude, D. o. SAfrican culture and the Quest for women’s Right. Ibadan: Sefer.
African Development Bank (2008). Ghana country gender profile. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from, https//wwwafdb.org.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Aunobi, Fredoline (2002). “Women and development in Africa: From marginalization to Gender Inequality,” African Social Science Review, 2(2),12-24.
Brian, R. (1967). The Bangwa of West Cameroon: The Brief Account of the History. London: University College Press.
Chrisler, J. C. (2011). Leaks, Lumps and lines: stigma and women’s bodies. Psychology of women Quarterly, 35 (2), 202 – 214
Christopher, M. (2003). The development of early cultures and society. Northern Calorado: University Press.
Chrysler, J. U. (2013). Benin Law and Custom. Port Harcourt: Niger Press,
Clarke, W. H. (1972). Travel and explorations in Yoraba land, 1854 – 1858. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press,
Cole, P.M., Michel, M.K., & Teti, L.O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the society for research in child Development, 59(2-3), 73-100.
Dalaney, J., Lupton, M. J., & Toth, E. (1988). The curse: A cultural history of menstruation (rev. ed). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois press.
Dauskardt, R. A. (1990). "The changing geography of traditional medicine: Urban herbalism on the Witwatersrand, South Africa". Geo Journal, 22 (3), 275–283.
Ebere, C. (2016). Predictive validity of mock senior certificates examination on neco senior secondary school certificates examination score in agricultural sciences. International Journal of current research and academic review, 3(2), 237-257.
Freud, S. (1920). Totem and taboo: Resemblance between the psychic life of savages and neurotics. New York: Dodd, M.D.
Gavin, R.J. (1977). The impact of colonial rule on the llorin economy, 1897 – 1930 Centre Point Journal University of Llor, 1(2), 17-38.
Haydeh, H., & Mardani, H. M. (2016). Violence against Iranian women as a cultural taboo. A Hermeneutic Study Journal of Evidence-Based of Women’s Health, 6(4), 138 – 143
Hunter, M., (1973). The effects of contract with Europeans on ponds women in Africa.A Journal of Indigenous Studies, 6, 90 – 100
Hyatt, L. (2014).Menstruation matters: How periods are keeping girls out of school in Nepal. Retrieved 29th April 2020 from, www.foreignloren.com.m.huffpost.
Hyman, M. R., & Sierra, J. J. (2015). Open-versus close-ended survey questions. Business Out looking, 141(2), 1-17.
International Food and Agricultural Development. (2001). Rural Poverty report: The challenge of ending rural poverty. London: Oxford University Press.
Karki, R. & Espinosa, C. (2018). Breaking Taboos: Menstruation. Female Subordination and Reproductive health, 18(6) 2578 – 6482
Kissling, E. A. (1996). That’s just a basic teenage – rule: Curls linguistic strategies for managing the menstruation communication taboo. Journal of Applied Communication Research 24 (4), 292.
Lovett, M. (1989). “Gender relations, Class formation, and the colonial state in Africa.” In Jane L. Parpartand Kathleen A. Staudt (Eds.) Women and state in Africa. (pp. 23 – 46). Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Morma, C.L. (1994). “African women caught between new Laws and social traditions”. Plus change African Report 40 (1), 55 – 59.
Mughal F. H. (2016). Menstrual Hygiene taboos and their negative effects on women. Brisbane: Australia Press
Mupanduki, M. (2007). African women under pre-colonial, colonia and post colonia and post-colonial state. Retrieved 11th March 2020 from, web.log.post.
Muscato, C. (2003). The development of early culture and society. Northern Colorado: University Press.
Ngong – Mbed, V. (2003). The traditional mediation of conflict by women in Cameroon: women and peace in Africa case study on traditional conflict resolution practices. Paris: UNESCO,
Njoku, F. (1981). Widows and inheritance Hyacking practices in LlaraMokin, Ondo state, Nigeria. Journal of Africa criminology and Justice studies: AJCJS, 9, 1554 – 3897.
Njoku, J.E. (1981). The world of African women. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow press.
Ntege, H. (1993). Women and Urban housing crisis: Impact of public policies and practices in Uganda. Economic and political weekly, 28 (44), 46 – 62.
Nweke, Theresa, (1985). “The role of women in Nigeria society: The media.” In women in Nigeria Today (pp. 201 – 207). London: Zed.
Oduyoye, M. O. (2001).’Keynote address’ in Akindude, D. O. (led) African culture and Quest for Women’s Rights. Ibadan: Sufers.
Ojo, E. D. (2004). “Women and The family” in lawal, W.S. Sadiku, M. N. O. and Dopamu, A. (Eds) Understanding Yuruba life and Culture. Tenton: World Press Inc.
Oke, R. O. (2001). ‘Inheritance in Africa and the right of Female-Child’ in Akintunde, D. O. (ED) African culture and the Quest for women’s Rights. Ibadan: Sefers.
Okome, O.M. (2002). Domestic, Regional and international protection of Nigerian women against Discrimination: constraints and possibilities. Center for African Studies, l6(3),1-13.
Onyango, E. (2016). The negative consequences of dowry payment on women and society. Pricilla Papers, 30(1), 13-29.
Orabueze, Florence. (2004). The feminish crusade Against violent of women’s fundamental Human right: Mariama Ba’s so long A letter and Buchi Emecheta’s second class citizen. Port Harcourt: Pearl Publications.
Orebech, P. (2005). The Role of Customary Law in Sustainable Development. Cambridge: University Press.
Sharma P. Singh N. tempe A. & Sharam S. (2018) Knowledge, practices and restrictions related to menstruation in young girls: a study from North India. Int J Community need public health, 5(3)34-54
Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012). What is Culture? A compilation of quotations. USA: Global PAD care concepyoins.
St-Clair, W. (1994). Imperialism and Traditional African culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
SudarKasa, N. (1986). The status of women in Indigenous African Societies. Feminist Studies, 12(1), 91 – 103.
Taiwo, O. A. (2015). Power and Womanhood in Africa. An Introductory Evaluation 3(6), 12-22.
Tamil, K. & Ramachandran, S. (2012) Socio-cultural Taboos Concerning Menstration: A Mico level study in the Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Scientific and Research publication, 2(8), 2250-3153.
Wardhaugh, R. (1986). An Introduction to sociolinguistic. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Published
2021-04-14
How to Cite
Martina K, N. (2021). THE EFFECTS OF SOME CULTURAL PRACTICES ON THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN BALI NYONGA, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON. GPH-International Journal of Educational Research, 4(03), 44-86. Retrieved from https://gphjournal.org/index.php/er/article/view/399
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