Consumer Economic Determinants of Leisure Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Non-Career Women in Obio-Akpor LGA in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Work-related stress and poor leisure culture have been identified as one of the causes of death among men and women in Africa. However, existing data provide little insight into the leisure-time physical activities of non-career women in Nigeria. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between consumer economic status (income and occupation) and leisure behaviour (participation in leisure-time physical activities) of non-career women in Rumuodomaya, Port Harcourt. The study adopted the survey research design whereby primary data were obtained from a sample size of 138, comprising non-career women drawn from 5 locations in the Rumuodomaya community, Obio-Akopr, LGA, Port Harcourt through the questionnaire method. Simple percentage, ranking technique, mean score and standard deviation were deployed for descriptive, univariate analysis while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation method was adopted for the bivariate analysis (hypotheses testing). The findings of this study established that the level of participation in leisure-time physical activities was low among non-career women in Rumuodomaya, Port Harcourt compared to in-door leisure-time activities. Household income level and occupation were significant economic determinants of leisure behaviour of non-career women in the area. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that more non-career women should participate in out-door physical work-outs for their physical, emotional, creative and mental well-being since work-outs are less expensive than fun-oriented leisure activities.
Downloads
References
Akkerson, U. U. (2016). Consumer behaviour, Lagos: Diamond Press Ltd.
Akheriue, C. (2020). Participation in recreation and wellness in adult groups: comparative analysis of male and female students in Kenya.The Quarterly Journal of Leisure Studies, 11(3) 102-125.
Awujo, A. C & Ukabuilu, E. (2018). Role of recreation parks and sports clubs in stress management in Owerri. The Enterprise; International Research Journal for Development, 10(1): 1-11.
Belch, J.& Belch, A. (2013). Leisureand recreation management. Chicago: Prentice-hall Inc
Bello, .Y.O & Bello, M. B. (2014).Travel and tourism business confidence index in Nigeria: Issues and challenges. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3(2), 1-15.
Charles, H.O.P. (2015). Income and product brand choice in Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of ConsumerResearch and Strategy, 3(9), 128-153.
David, O. L. (2022).Wellness strategies and recreational behaviour: Empirical evidence of Mediterranean Spa services Journal of Leisure Sciences, 6 (8), 98-127
Dike, C.W. (2015). Creating prosperity and delivering happiness through innovative business opportunities in Tourism. A paper presentation at World Tourism Day celebration in Port Harcourt.
Emmanuel, E. V. (2019). Occupational characteristics and recreation behaviours of white collar and blue collar workers in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Kinetic and Development, 12 (1), 111-126.
Elmagd, M., Abubakar, M., Manal, S., Elmarsavawy, T. S. & Aljadaan, O. (2015). The impact of physical activity participation on the self-esteem of the students across sectional study from RAKMHSU-RAK-UAE: International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 2 (1), 87-108.
Etuk, J. S. (2021). Destination marketing capabilities and beach tourism performance in Akwa-Ibom State, Ph.D Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 68-76
Etuk, J.S. & Enyinnanya, V. (2018). Socio-economic status and recreational consumption behaviour in Port Harcourt, Travel and Tourism Review, 21(5), 18-48.
Evans, J. R., Berman, B. (1997). The role of service quality and recreational marketing: Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. Journal of Marketing, 32(679, 46, 22).
Falson, W. K. (2014). An assessment of outdoor recreational behaviour and preferences of the residents in Istanbul. Scientific research and Essay, 5(1): 93- 104.
Hielsic D. & Zhole, l. (2018). The recreational consumption response to income changes.Recreation and Leisure Review, 21(12). 121-142
Ikandu, V. B.(2015). The role of education in poverty reduction in Nigeria, Lagos: Sterling Press Ltd.
Johnnie, P. B. & Nwazike, J. N. (2008). Organizational behaviour and advanced management thought: an epistemological analysis. Akoka: University of Lagos Press.
Johnson, K.F. & Oluwole, O. (2019) The effect of occupational background on participation in leisure-time out-door physical activities in Lagos, Nigeria. Sports, Travel and Tourism Review, 2 (6), 10-24
Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T. & Makens, J. C. (2010). Marketing for hospitality and tourism, 4th ed. New York: Pearson Books
Likhol, R. U. (2018). The role of consumer demographic factors in recreation and leisure production consumption. Contemporary Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research .21(16)217-231
Likhol, T.C., Stacey, W. & Kingston, H. B. (2020). Socio-economic status and the recreational behaviours of bank workers in Ontario,Canada. International Journal of Leisure and Travel Research. 4 (2), 184-201
Ndiomu, P. S. & Ebisinde, Y.I.(2019). Women development: empowerment, integration and national productivity. International Journal of women development,16 (7), 122-140.
Piarnu, K., M. L. Purjer, I. Ringmets (2010). Socioeconomic status among adults population. European Journal of Public Health, 23(1): 1.
Richards, L. (2017). Does a change in income affect consumption? Leaf GroupJournal of Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 289-305.
Sanders, W. & Ween, O.R. (2021). Socioeconomic status in predicting participation in physical recreational activities in less developed economies. Journal of Economic Development, 12 (2), 56-70.
Sienami, N. S. & Jojik, C. O. (2021). Tourism products consumption determinants in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, Journal of Development Research, 8(6). 115-236.
Shala, W., (2021). Demographic factors influencing participation in recreation amongKansa city residents. Journal of Contemporary Leisure Research, 16 (10),212-228
Smith, G. (2024). The four types of consumer spending habits. Clientbook, 2-4
Tewawa, H. A.(2018). The effect of occupational training on types of recreational activity participation in Ghana among university students in tertiary institutions in Accra International Academic Journal of Leisure and Recreation, 6 (12), 258-278.
Yoder P. J, McDuffie A. (2006). Framework for addressing the social determinants of health. Journal of social Education, 70(2): 115-123.
The authors and co-authors warrant that the article is their original work, does not infringe any copyright, and has not been published elsewhere. By submitting the article to GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, the authors agree that the journal has the right to retract or remove the article in case of proven ethical misconduct.
Firozpur Jhirka, Haryana, India
