GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

Green Accounting Practice and listed Oil and Gas Companies Performance Metric in Nigeria

DOOBEE, LEKIA PRECIOUS — 2024-07-08

Green accounting practices have been getting attention from academicians, scholars, professional accounting bodies and practitioners. As one of the fastest – growing developing nations, Nigeria is also concerned about the ecological challenges and their potential impacts on different sectors’ overall performance. The aim of this study is to empirically explore the relationship between green accounting practice and listed oil and gas companies performance metrics in Nigeria. Panel data on different types of green accounting practice and Tobin’s Q from 2010-2023 were collected from the Nigerian exchange group, annual report of listed oil and gas companies, and federal inland revenue service pro-mass descriptive statistics, panel unit root test Hausaman Test, Multiple Regression Analysis, Panel Cointegration Test, Pairwsie Panel Causality Test and Error Correction Model Test were used in analyzing the data. The results indicate that green accounting practice significantly relate to Tobin’s Q; explain about 83.4% of the total variation in Tobin’s Q Green Investment, initiatives, activities were each found to significantly relate to Tobin’s Q. The study therefore conclude that green accounting practice has the potency to make significant contribution to performance metric and recommends that oil and gas firms should develop sustainability strategies aligned with their business goals, prioritize green investments with high Tobin’s Q, involve stakeholders in decision-making, monitor and measure impact, collaborate with partners, and communicate effectively.

CREATIVE ACCOUNTING AND FIRM VALUE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

Ikeokwu, Queen — 2024-07-08

The study delved into the intricate dynamics of creative accounting practices and their impact on the firm value of listed manufacturing entities in Nigeria over the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Drawing upon a comprehensive dataset compiled from the annual financial statements of quoted manufacturing companies, the research employed a rigorous analytical framework utilizing various statistical techniques within the Eviews9 software package. Through meticulous data analysis, including unit root tests, panel cointegration tests, Bayesian error correction models, panel ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, and Granger causality tests, among others, the study unearthed compelling insights into the interplay between creative accounting maneuvers and firm valuation metrics. The findings revealed a mixed relationship between the variables under scrutiny, both in the short and long run. Notably, the study underscored a significant association between the employed variables and innovation accounting practices, emphasizing their pivotal role in driving organizational transformation towards heightened growth and productivity levels. In conclusion, the study elucidated that, with the exception of certain variables, such as DAC and RPT, which exhibited positive coefficients indicative of movement towards enhanced firm value, as measured by the Price to Earnings ratio. This observation aligns with the a-priori expectations posited at the outset of the research endeavor. Based on the findings, the study advocates for strategic interventions aimed at bolstering the efficacy of creative accounting practices within Nigeria's quoted firms. Specifically, it recommends ongoing training and re-training initiatives targeted at enhancing staff competencies in the judicious application of creative accounting techniques in financial reporting. Such initiatives are envisioned to catalyze improvements in key performance metrics, including return on equity, assets, and earnings, thus fortifying the overall financial health and market positioning of Nigerian manufacturing enterprises.

POPULATIONS' RESPONSE TO THE MODERNIZATION OF THE CHIEFTAINCY INSTITUTION AMONG THE BAFOW IN THE KUMBA-MUNICIPALITY (SOUTH-WEST CAMEROON

NGAYI MVEHE Alima — 2024-07-09

The study aims to examine the feedback of Modernization of the Chieftaincy Institution among the Bafow and to present the interactions between traditional Rulers and their populationsin Kumba Municipality in South- West Cameroon. This study also expects to raise the awareness of the Government and Chiefs on the consequences of the evolution of the Chieftaincy among Bafow people in Kumba Municipality, for them to reassess their attitudes toward the population. The research is qualitative and Data collection was both primary and Secondary. Primary data was gathered through in-depth interviews, and direct Observations. Secondary data come from Documentary research. The Content analysis consisted of comment, explainations and comparison of informations. Modernization and Cultural dynamism theories were considered to understand facts. The Modernization Theory was used, because it looks at the internal factors of changein a society. So, less Industrialized countries can be brought to evolution in the same manner more “Developed” Countries have been. According to the theory of cultural dynamism, no culture is static. Every culture changes. The change can derive from inside or from outside the Society. The speed of evolution depends on each society. It may be harmful or peaceful, favourable or not favourable. Main findings of the research reveal that, in the pre-colonial era, Chiefs exercised a lot of powers which were focused toward improving on the livelihood of their populations. The traditional Leaders were reduced to government auxiliaries during the Colonization and even after the Independence of the Southern Cameroon, as the result of Indirect Rule. According to this study, the Bafow People contest the Traditional Authority because Chiefs belong to the Ruling Political Party, the Cameroon’s Peoples Democratic Movement. Chiefs, according to the populations, are supposed to be apolitical and neutral, since some members of the Communities belong to other political parties. Also, there are some “fake” villages and illegitimate Chiefs which the government through the Senior Division Officer and Governor are trying to protect. Some Chiefs monopolize the Bafow ancestral Land and sell it off for their own profit. According to this research, populations do not want their Chiefs to be Paid by the Government, it makes them to be depraved, partial and less answerable to their Communities than to the State which pays them; the population also want the Authority to be given back to the traditional Custodians who should be looking for the Revival of their Cultural Heritage. They should also be implicated into the Social Control; for they did it successfully before the Colonization without any sophisticated Army, Police nor Gendarme by the fact that they carried spiritual power which can be used to prevent insecurity better than “modern” Weapons.

LONG RUN IMPLICATIONS OF GREEN ACCOUNTING ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Idara Henry Inokon — 2024-07-17

The objective of the study was to determine the long run effect of green accounting on sustainable development in Nigeria using data obtained from firms financial statement, CBN and world bank publication for Sustainable development data for the period 2003 to 2022. The study adopted panel cointegration tests, to evaluate the long run properties of the dataset with different integration and the Bounds test suited for autoregressive distributed lags used for testing the cointegration status for the three combination of variables that make up the model. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation technique was used in the empirical analysis to estimate the long-run and short-run relationship amongst the variables for the panel data. The study found green initiatives by companies on sustainable development in Nigeria are more long-term than short-term. Short-run effects are more negative and mostly insignificant while the long run stable effects give indication that these initiatives could help to address sustainable development problems in Nigeria. Economic cost has positive long run effects on human capital development. Only economic cost has significant effect on Human development index thus indicating that social and environmental sustainability policy by firms has failed to achieve improved human capital development. Result also show environmental expenditure has significant and negative impact on GDP growth in the short run but positive in the long run. Policy makers within the companies need to consider the sustainability policies as a long term planning strategy while also improving linkages of economic expenditures to GDP growth. Policy action by the firms and Government on sustainable development and green economic planning must consider long run implications and applicability in all economic segments. Government can energise green initiatives through manadatory payments tied to turnover or profit for environmental remediation with a deliberate policy on administration of such funds to improve sustainable growth.

THE CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION AND THE RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING OF CHRISTIANITY: A HERMENAUTICAL TRAJECTORY

Dr. Amara Mary Chukwuma-Offor — 2024-07-26

This study focuses on examining the divergence between the Christian understanding of religion and the religious understanding of Christianity. The Christian understanding of religion is characterised by internal theological principles and beliefs specific to the faith, which includes but not limited to the divinity of Jesus Christ, the authority of the Bible, and the concept of salvation through faith. This perspective emphasizes practices and rituals central to Christian life, including worship, moral teachings, and community activities. It also encompasses doctrinal frameworks and eschatological views that shape how Christians live out their faith. Conversely, the religious understanding of Christianity involves a broader, external analysis of Christianity as it fits within the global context of world religions. This perspective includes the historical development of Christianity, from its origins in the early Church to its contemporary manifestations. It also involves a comparative study of Christianity’s beliefs and practices relative to other major religions, examining similarities and differences in theology, ritual, and social impact. Employing the methods of critical analysis and hermeneutics approach, this paper also considers the cultural and societal influence of Christianity, including its role in shaping societal norms and its interactions with other religious traditions. Reflecting on these two perspectives, the research aims to provide a view of how Christianity is understood both from within the faith itself and from academic and interreligious perspectives. This dual approach showcases the complexities of religious identity and interfaith dialogue in a nuanced global context.