ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONTROL OF FALSE SMUT DISEASE [Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi] IN RICE
Abstract
False smut disease in rice plants is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, with symptoms of yellow fungal mycelium clustering around the panicles and over time the powder turns black. Exophytic microbes found on leaves have the highest prevalence by Streptomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. each with 6 isolates (20%), the highest prevalence of exophytic microbes in bauh was Phytophtora sp. as many as 9 isolates (33%) and exophytic microbes on stems with the highest prevalence of Aspergillus flavus as many as 15 isolates (33%). The microbial diversity indices of leaf exophytes, fruit exophytes and stem exophytes were 1.887, 1.369 and 1.617, respectively. Evenness uniformity indices for leaf, fruit and stem exophytes were 0.134, 0.244 and 0.136, respectively. The domination indices of leaf, fruit and stem exophytes were 0.84, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. This means that the diversity is moderate with small evenness between species and high dominance, there are species that dominate as the highest prevalence mentioned above. Exophytic microbial inhibition in vitro was obtained on leaf exophytes of only Aspergillus sp. by 80 ± 2% and Neurospora sp. by 60 ± 0.7%. In fruit exophytes only Aspergillus sp. can inhibit by 70 ± 0.8%, and the highest stem exophytes by A. flavus by 80 ± 0.9%, followed by Rhizopus sp. by 80 ± 0.4%.
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