GPH-International Journal of Agriculture and Research

USE OF EXOPHYTIC FUNGI IN SUPPRESSING ANTHRACHNOSE PATHOGENS ON RAMBUTAN FRUIT (Nephelium lappaceum L.) IN VITRO

2024-11-10T06:05:17+00:00

Anthracnose disease in rambutan fruit is caused by Colletotrichum fructicola which is found both in the harvest and post-harvest. The diversity index of exophytic fungi ranges from 0.4634 - 1.3143 with structural conditions from less stable to very rotten to moderate categories and with a score of 1-3. The dominance index of 0.643 - 0.773 is close to 1, this is supported by the uniformity index of 0.0816 - 1.1379, meaning that there are dominant species in the fruit exophyte, namely Neurospora sp, in the leaf exophyte Aspergillus flavus and in the stem exophyte Aspergillus niger. The highest in vitro inhibition of exophytic microbes on fruit was achieved by A. niger 4 of 92.22 ± 0.3%. In the leaf exophyte, the highest inhibition was achieved by A. niger 1 of 83.33 ± 0.2%. The highest inhibition on stem exophytes was achieved by Neurospora sp. 3 at 94.44±0.1%.

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF LAND OWNERSHIP AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY CHANGES: AN APPRAISAL

2024-11-10T06:54:35+00:00

This study explores the social implications of land ownership structures and agricultural policy changes, with a focus on how these factors impact economic opportunities, social equity, and community stability in rural areas. Land ownership and agricultural policies are significant determinants of socioeconomic status, often exacerbating inequalities by favoring large-scale agribusinesses over smallholder farmers. The concentration of land ownership among few large entities limits access to resources for marginalized populations, thereby increasing economic disparities. Furthermore, agricultural policies that prioritize high-yield monocultures and chemical inputs, while enhancing productivity, have led to environmental degradation, such as soil erosion and water depletion. This study highlights the shift towards sustainable agricultural policies that aim to balance productivity with ecological conservation. Gender dynamics are also addressed, as women often face barriers to land access, which inhibits broader social equity. Empowering women with secure land rights has shown to improve household well-being and community resilience. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of inclusive governance that involves local communities in decision-making processes to mitigate social injustices and promote sustainable practices. However, challenges remain, including persistent land concentration, lack of financial resources for smallholder farmers, and vulnerabilities to global market fluctuations, which impact food security and community stability. This appraisal contributes to understanding the broader social impacts of land and agricultural policies, emphasizing the need for reforms that support equitable access to land and resources, promote environmental sustainability, and strengthen social cohesion in rural communities.

The effect of goat manure and Fortune liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of leek (Allium porrum L.) Blaze F1 variety

2024-11-27T16:20:12+00:00

One alternative that can be done to increase national agricultural production is to utilize dry land which has very extensive potential.However, due to low land productivity as a result of low fertility levels, fertilization efforts need to be carried out. The research aimed to determine the effect of goat manure and organic liquid fertilizer (POC) of Fortune and their interaction on the growth and yield of leek plants and to obtain the appropriate dose of goat manure and concentration of POC Fortune for leek plants. The research was carried out from January to March 2024 in Nehas Liah Bing Village, Muara Wahau District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The research used a 3 x 3 factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was repeated 5 times. The first factor is the dose of goat manure fertilizer (K) consisting of 3 levels: without goat manure fertilizer (k0), 5 tons/ha equivalent to 125 g/polybag equivalents to 5 tons/ha (k1), and 250 g/polybag equivalent to 10 tons /ha (k2). The second factor is the concentration of POC Fortune (F) consisting of 3 levels: without POC Fortune (f0), 10 ml/l water (f1), and 20 ml/l water (f2). Research activities are as follows: preparation of planting media, preparation of leek seeds, treatment with goat manure 2 weeks before planting, planting, treatment with POC Fortune, plant maintenance, harvesting, and preparation of reports. The research results showed that (1) goat manure (K) treatment had a very significant effect on plant height 60 days after planting and plant wet weight. The highest wet plant weight was produced in the 250 g/polybag (k2) treatment, namely 117.00 g/plant, while the lowest was produced in the treatment without goat manure (k0), namely 77.67 g/plant; (2) POC Fortune treatment had a very significant effect on plant height 60 days after planting, root length, and plant fresh weight. The highest wet plant weight was produced in the 20 ml/l water (f2) treatment, namely 111 g/plant, while the lowest was produced in the treatment without POC Fortune (f0), namely 70 g/plant; (3) there is no interaction between goat manure treatment and POC Fortune (KxF) on all observation parameters.

Development of stem diameter RAP of rubber stand (Hevea brasiliensis) in the PBPH-HT area of PT. Sylvaduta Corporation in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province

2024-11-27T17:48:51+00:00

The development of industrial plantation forests or timber estates was one way to overcome the imbalance between supply and demand for wood raw materials for the forestry wood industry, namely by developing industrial plantation forests with rubber stands. The research aims to determine the stem diameter and analyze the development of diameter increments (MAI and CAI) in rubber stands in the PT Sylvaduta Corporation area. The research was carried out from March to May 2024 on rubber stands at PT. Sylvaduta Corporation is located in Kembang Janggut District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research activities carried out include preparation, observation, determining sampling locations, sampling, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. The research results show that (1) the average stem diameter of rubber stands in 2022 will range from 19.37 – 21.14 cm, in 2023 it will range between 21.56 – 23.50 cm, and in 2024 it will range between 23, 83 – 25.95; (2) the average annual diameter increase (MAI) in 2022 ranges from 1.94 – 2.11 cm/year with an average of 2.02 cm/year; MAI in 2023 will range from 1.96 – 2.14 cm/year with an average of 2.05 cm/year; and MAI in 2024 ranges from 1.99 – 2.16 cm/year with an average of 2.07 cm/year; and (3) the average increase in walking diameter (CAI) in 2022 ranges from 1.72 – 1.93 cm/year with an average of 1.81 cm/year; CAI in 2023 ranges from 2.19 – 2.35 cm/year with an average of 2.29 cm/year; and CAI in 2024 will range from 2.27 – 2.46 cm/year with an average of 2.38 cm/year.

Community Perceptions about Social Forestry Activities In the Working Area of the UPTD KPHP Sub-Watershed Belayan, East Kalimantan Province Forestry Service

2024-11-29T15:03:04+00:00

The research aims to determine community perceptions of the benefits, driving factors, inhibiting factors, and community involvement in social forestry in the Belayan Sub-Watershed KPHP Working Area, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research was descriptive and was carried out in the UPTD KPHP Sub-Watershed Belayan Working Area of the Forestry Service of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The stages of research activities are as follows: research preparation, observation, determining samples/respondents, collecting primary and secondary data, data analysis, drawing conclusions, and reporting. Determining the sample (respondents) used the Non-Probability Sampling method with a purposive sampling technique of 80 respondents. The method used is a descriptive approach. Community perception of social forestry was measured using the Likert scale method, namely: 1 = don't know/don't understand/disagree, 2 = don't know/don't understand/don't agree, 3 = unsure, 4 = know/understand/agree, and 5 = very knowledgeable/very understanding/strongly agree. The results of the research show that (1) The public's perception of social forestry knowledge is 27.25% don't know/don't understand and don't know/little understand, 39.38% are unsure, and those who know/understand and really know/very understand as much as 33.38%; (2) people's perceptions about the benefits of social forestry activities, namely don't know/don't understand and don't know/don't understand as much as 7.63%, doubtful as much as 45.00%, and those who know/understand and really know/very understand are 47 .37%; (3) community perception regarding the inhibiting factors and driving factors for social forestry activities, namely don't know/don't understand and don't know/don't understand as much as 8.87%, doubtful as much as 37.63%, and those who know/understand and really know/ very understand as much as 52.60%; (4) community perception regarding community involvement in social forestry activities, namely don't know/don't understand and don't know/don't understand as much as 5.00%, doubtful as much as 34.75%, and those who know/understand and really know/very understand as much as 60.25%.