USE OF EXOPHYTIC FUNGI IN SUPPRESSING ANTHRACHNOSE PATHOGENS ON RAMBUTAN FRUIT (Nephelium lappaceum L.) IN VITRO
Keywords:
Anthracnose, diversity index and dominance index, in vitro inhibition, exophytic fungi.
Abstract
Anthracnose disease in rambutan fruit is caused by Colletotrichum fructicola which is found both in the harvest and post-harvest. The diversity index of exophytic fungi ranges from 0.4634 - 1.3143 with structural conditions from less stable to very rotten to moderate categories and with a score of 1-3. The dominance index of 0.643 - 0.773 is close to 1, this is supported by the uniformity index of 0.0816 - 1.1379, meaning that there are dominant species in the fruit exophyte, namely Neurospora sp, in the leaf exophyte Aspergillus flavus and in the stem exophyte Aspergillus niger. The highest in vitro inhibition of exophytic microbes on fruit was achieved by A. niger 4 of 92.22 ± 0.3%. In the leaf exophyte, the highest inhibition was achieved by A. niger 1 of 83.33 ± 0.2%. The highest inhibition on stem exophytes was achieved by Neurospora sp. 3 at 94.44±0.1%.
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References
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Anthrachnose Pathogen (Colletotrichum musae) In Banana Fruits and the Use of
Exophitic and Endophytic fungi to Control the Pathogen. GPH – Journal of Agriculture
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Diversity of Exophytic and Endophytic in Red Grape and its Inhibition Ability to
Pathogen Aspergillus niger (Caused Rot Fruit Grape). International Journal of Current
Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8 (10): 2242-2451.
of Anthracnose Disease in Rambutan Fruits in Bali. GPH Journal of Agriculture and
Research. 7 (5): 45-52.
[2] Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Bali. 2023. Produksi Buah Rambutan Provinsi Bali
Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Bali (Ton), 2019-2021. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali
(Statistics of Bali Province). Jl. Raya Puputan (Renon) No 1, Denpasar 80226.
[3] Sivakumar D., R.S.W. Wijeratnam, R.L.C. Wijesundera and M. Abeysekera. 1997.
Postharvest diseases of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) in the western province. J.
Natn. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka 25(4): 225-229.
[4] Serrato-Diaz, L.M., L. I. Rivera-Vargas, R. Goenaga, E. D. Navarro, and R. D. French-
Monar. 2017. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola and C. queenslandicum Causing
Fruit Rot of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). The American Phytophathological
Society (APS) Publication.
[5] Zakaria L. 2022. Fungal and oomycetes diseases of minor tropical fruit crops. Horticulture
8(323): 1-31.
[6] Thakur S. and N.S.K. Harsh. 2014. Phylloplane fungi as biocontrol agent against Alternaria
leaf spot disease of (Akarkara) Spilanthes oleracea. Bioscience Discovery 5(2):139-144.
[7] Langvad, F. 1980. A simple and rapid method for qualitative and quantitative study of the
fungal flora of leave. Canadian Journal of Botany 26: 666-670.
[8] Norse D. 1972. Fungal populations of tobacco leaves and their effect on the growth of
Alternaria longipes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 59: 261-271.
[9] Leben C. 1965. Epiphytic Microorganisms in Relation to Plant Disease. Annual Review of
Phytophatology 3(1): 209-230.
[10] Yadav, S.L., A.K. Mishra, P.N. Dongre, and R. Singh. 2011. Assessment of fungixicity of
phylloplane fungi against Alternaria brassicae causing leaf spot of mustard. Journal of
Agricultural Technology 7(6): 1923-1831.
[11] Samson, R.A., E.S. Hoekstra, and C. A.N. Van Oorschot. 1981. Introduction to Food-
Borne Fungi. Centraalbureau Voor-Schimmelcultures. Institute of The Royal
Netherlands. Academic of Arts and Sciences.
[12] Pitt, J.I. and A.D. Hocking. 1997. Fungi and Food Spoilage. Blackie Avademic and
Professional. Second Edition. London-Weinhein-New York-Tokyo-Melboune-Madras.
[13] Barnett, H.L. and B.B. Hunter. 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. APS Press.
The American Phytopathological Sociey. St Paul, Minnesota.
[14] Indrawati. G., R.A. Samson, K. Van den Tweel-Vermeulen, A. Oetari dan I. Santoso. 1999.
Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Universitas Indonesia
(University of Indonsia Culture Collection) Depok, Indonsia dan Centraalbureau voor
Schirmmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands.
[15] Miyadoh, S. 1997. Atlas of Actinomycetes. Asakura Publishing Co Ltd. Japan.
[16] Dolar, F.S. 2001. Antagonistic effect of Aspergillus melleus Yukawa on soilborne
pathogens of Chickpea. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2): 167-170.
[17] Mojica-Marin, V., H. A. Luna-Olvera, C. Fco, Sandoval-Coronado, B. Pereyra- Alférez,
H. Lilia, Morales-Ramos, E. Carlos, Hernández-Luna and G. O. Alvarado-Gomez. 2008.
Antagonistic activity of selected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Rhizoctonia
solani of chili pepper. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (9): 1271-1276.
[18] Odum, 1971.
[19] Pirzan, A.M., dan P. R. Pong-Masak. 2008. Hubungan Keragaman Fitoplankton dengan
Kualitas Air di Pulau Bauluang, Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Biodiversitas, 9
(3) 217-221.
[20] Ferianita-Fachrul et al., 2005.
[21] Tauruslina ,E,Trizelia ,Yaherwandi dan Hasmiandy ,H. 2015. Analisis keanekaragaman
hayati musuh alami pada eksosistem pada sawah di daerah endemik dan non - endemik
Wereng Batang Cokelat Nilaparvata lugens di Sumatera Barat. Pros Sem Nas Masy
Biodiv Indon 1(3): 581 – 589.
[22] Pirzan, A.M., dan P. R. Pong-Masak. 2008. Hubungan Keragaman Fitoplankton dengan
Kualitas Air di Pulau Bauluang, Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Biodiversitas, 9
(3) 217-221.
[23] Rad, J.E., M. Manthey and A. Mataji. 2009. Comparison of Plant Species Diversity with
Different Plant Communities in Deciduous Forests. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 6(3): 389-
394.
[24] Insafitri, 2010. Keanekaragaman, Keseragaman, dan Dominansi Bivalvia di Area Buangan
Lumpur Lapindo Muara Sungai Porong. Jurnal kelautan. 3(1): 54-59.
[25] Sudarma I M., N. W. Suniti and N. N. Darmiati. 2023. Environmentally Friendly Control
of False Smut Disease [Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi] in Rice. GPH Journal
Agriculture and Research 6(5): 1-10.
[26] Sudarma I M., N. N. Darmiati and N. W. Suniti. 2020. Fungus and Actinomycetes
Diversity of Exophytic and Endophytic in Red Grape and its Inhibition Ability to
Pathogen Aspergillus niger (Caused Rot Fruit Grape). International Journal of Current
Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8 (10): 2442-2451.
[27] Sudarma I M., N. N. Darmiati, and N. W. Suniti. 2021. Utilization Exophytic and
Endophytic Fungi to Control Banana Fruit Rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). IOSR
Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) 14(10): 18-25.
[28] Sudarma I M., N. W. Suniti and N. N. Darmiati. 2022a. Utilization of Exophytic and
Endophytic Microbes in Controlling Alternaria Fruit Rot of Apple (Malus Domestica
Borkh). GPH – Journal Agriculture and Research 5(8): 19-30.
[29] Sudarma I M., N. W. Suniti and N. N. Darmiati. 2021a. Molecular Identification of
Anthrachnose Pathogen (Colletotrichum musae) In Banana Fruits and the Use of
Exophitic and Endophytic fungi to Control the Pathogen. GPH – Journal of Agriculture
and Research 4(10): 1-11.
[30] Sudarma et al. (2022b
[31] Sudarma I M., N. N. Darmiati, and N. W. Suniti. 2019. Fungus and Actinomycetes
Diversity of Exophytic and Endophytic in Red Grape and its Inhibition Ability to
Pathogen Aspergillus niger (Caused Rot Fruit Grape). International Journal of Current
Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8 (10): 2242-2451.
Published
2024-11-09
How to Cite
Sudarma, I. M., Nengah Darmiati, N., & Ngurah Suprapta, D. (2024). USE OF EXOPHYTIC FUNGI IN SUPPRESSING ANTHRACHNOSE PATHOGENS ON RAMBUTAN FRUIT (Nephelium lappaceum L.) IN VITRO. GPH-International Journal of Agriculture and Research, 7(10), 01-11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14061558
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