Effect of Ecosystem Type and Harvesting Time on Morphological Indicators and Biochemical Characteristics of Thymus kotschyanus in Iran
Abstract
In natural and agricultural ecosystems, factors such as humidity, water, nutrients, light and altitude are among the basic factors that determine the quantity and quality of plants. Thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants from the mint family (Lamiaceae). The current research was carried out based on the split plot design in the form of randomized complete blocks and in 3 replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Semnan province. The treatments included two types of natural and agricultural ecosystems and two harvesting times before flowering and full flowering which had their effect on the morphological indicators, biochemical characteristics and the quantity and quality of the essential oil of the medicinal plant of mountain thyme (Thymus kotschyanus) was investigated. According to the results obtained from this experiment, it was found that the effect of different ecosystems and different harvest times on the tested factors are statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels. All biochemical characteristics including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll T, carotenoid, anthocyanin and flavonoid showed higher levels in the natural ecosystem, except for chlorophyll a/b, which was higher in the agricultural ecosystem, and most of the biochemical characteristics during Flowering was more except for chlorophyll a/b, anthocyanin and flavonoid which were more flowering at the earlier time. All the morphological indicators, including fresh and dry weight of the whole plant, height of aerial and underground organs, large and small diameter of the plant, plant circumference and dry yield per hectare at the time of full flowering and in the agricultural ecosystem, were more except the fresh weight of leaves and leaf area which They were more in the natural ecosystem. Also, the percentage of essential oil was the highest at the time of full flowering and in the agricultural ecosystem, but the essential oil compounds showed a higher percentage at the time of full flowering and in the natural ecosystem. But the amount of total phenol was not affected by the test treatments and no significant difference was observed between the obtained results.
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