MARKETING CHANNELS AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION FOR SWINE PRODUCERS IN FREE STATE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Keywords:
Profit Maximization, Swine Producers, Marketing Channel, Distribution Channel
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to propose a workable and effective marketing channel intended to assist Free State swine producers to maximize profit. This study is motivated by the fact that the previous millennium witnessed the agricultural product market changing from a predominantly producer dominated market approach to a demanding, well informed, consumer dominated market. This call for the validation of similar studies in order to formulate informed marketing channel that will enhance profit maximization for swine producers in the Free State. The primary data was sourced using semi-structured questionnaire, while the secondary information was generated from existing / available relevant literature journals / periodicals. A judgmental sampling technique was used to determine the sample size of 80 swine producers. Regression analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (PPMC), were used while the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The finding showed that the different marketing channels adopted by the swine producers has no significant difference in the marketing channels adopted by swine producers in Free State. The knowledge of effective marketing channel will help the swine farmers to reduce cost of production and thereby maximize profit.
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References
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63. Coughlan A. T. Competition and Cooperation in Marketing Channel Choice: Theory and Application. Mktg Sc, 1985, 4 (2):110-129.
64. Guo, S. & Heese, H.S. Product variety and distribution channel structure. Inter J ProdRes,2017. 55(12), 3392-3410.
65. Dominici, G. Game theory as a marketing tool: uses and limitations. Gandolfo Dominici/ Elixir Marketing Mgmt.2011, 36 (2011) 3524-3528. [Online] www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal). Retrieved 17 July 2019.
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69. Hardesty, S.D. & Leff, P. Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems:2009,25(1); 24–34.
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3. Felza, E. & Asllani, A. The importance of marketing in helping companies with their growth strategies: The case of food industry in Kosovo. Eu Sc J,2013. 9(16): 326-335.
4. Simpson J. &Lappman J. Marketing in South Africa – Consumer Landscape: Concepts and Cases Van Schaik Publisher Uitgewers, 2017
5. Dellaert, B.G.C. The consumer production journey: marketing to consumers as co-producers in the sharing economy. J of the Acad of Mktg Sc,2019. 47(2), 238-254.
6. Teixeira, T.S. The Rising Cost of Consumer Attention: Why You Should Care, and What You Can Do about it. Working Paper 14-055 Harvard Business School. 2014. Online http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/publication%20files/14-055_2ef21e7e-7529-4864-b0f0-c64e4169e17f.pdf. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
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9. Chad, P. Marketing Pigs Pork Information Gateway – U S Pork Center of Excellence 1776Nw 114th St. Clive2014,
10. 10. Uboegbulam GC and MN NaongSwine Marketing Model and profit maximization in Free State of South Africa, .Inter J of Mgt. and App Sc, 2017 ISSN: 2394-7926;3 (1): 84-94Kotler, Philip, Keller, Kevin Lane, Brady, Mairead, Goodman, Malcom, Hansen, & Torben, Marketing Management. Harlow: Pearson, 2012
12. Khapayi, M. &Celliers, P.R. . Factors limiting and preventing emerging farmers to progress to commercial agricultural farming in the King William's Town area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. SAJl of Agric Exten,201644(1), 25-41.
13. Bartleby Research, Profit Maximisation Theory. 2012. [Online] https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Profit-Maximisation-Theory-FK3BNJ4K6YZS. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
14. Levitt, S.D. An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization. NBER Working Paper No. 12152, 2006. [Online] https://www.nber.org/papers/w12152. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
15. Vroom, G. &Mccann, B.T. Ownership structure, profit maximization, and competitive behaviour. Working Paper WP-800 IESE Business School, University of Navarra. Barcelona, Spain, 2009. Online https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3a6b/06a6329ecebab8fd690670ff2de1cf0f669c.pdf. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
16. Nieman, G.H. & Bennet, J.A. Business Management – A Value Chain Approach. Van Schaik Publishers: Pretoria, 2014,
17. Lazenby, J.A.A. The Strategic Management Process – A South African Perspective 2nd Edition. Van Schaik Publishers: Pretoria, 2018.
18. Cunningham, N. Introduction to Marketing – A Southern African Perspective. Van Schaik Publishers – Pretoria,2018.
19. Janse van Rensburg, D.B. &Drotsky, G.A.P. Directional/Strategic Marketing Planning. Van Schaik Publishers: Pretoria, 2017.
20. Cateora, P.R. & Graham, J.L. International marketing. 13th Edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2007
21. Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile. Business Management for Entrepreneurs..Cape Town: Juta and Co Ltd.2007
22. Management Class Global. International Business Management. 2014WWWdocument. http://management-class-global.com/mba_sub/intbus_5.html. Referred 5.09.2018
23. Allen, Melanie Analysing the Organizational Environment. Stoke-on-Trent: Select, 2001.
24. Porter, M E. Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press, 1980
25. Chartered Global Management Accountant. Porter’s Five Forces of competitive position analysis. 2014, WWW-document. http://www.cgma.org/Resources/Tools/essentialtools/Pages/porters-five-forces.aspx?Testcookiesenabled=redirect. Referred: 7.09.2018
26. Entrepreneurial insights, Porter’s Five Forces Model: Strategy Framework. 2014, WWW-document. http://www.entrepreneurial-insights.com/porters-five-forcesmodel-strategy-framework/. Updated: 18.08.2014. Referred: 7.09.2018
27. Ferrell, O.C., Hartline, Michael D. Marketing Strategy. 2011, Mason: Cengage.
28. Jain, TR, Trehan, Mukesh, & Trehan, Ranju. Business Environment. 2010, Ambala: FK Publications.
29. Pride, William, Ferrell, O. C. Foundations of Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning. Puzirev, 2014.
30. Best, P. Global pig production: Trends shaping the pork industry. WATTAgNet.com. 2012. [Online] https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/13056-global-pig-production-trends-shaping-the-pork-industry. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
31. Farm Journal’s Pork, Recent trends in swine production contracts. Farm J Pork. 2012 [Online] https://www.porkbusiness.com/article/recent-trends-swine-production-contracts. Retrieved 17 August 2019
32. BPEX, Pig Market Trends. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). 2014, Issue 115. [Online] https://pork.ahdb.org.uk/media/39717/pig_market_trends_-_december_2014.pdf. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
33. Antwi, M. &Seahlodi, P. Marketing Constraints Facing Emerging Small-Scale Pig Farmers in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J of Human Ecol,2011, 36(1), 37-42.
34. Ghatak, S. &Intersent, K. Agriculture and Economic Development. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Book Ltd.1984
35. Anriquez, G. & Stamoulis, K. Rural development and poverty reduction: is agriculture still the key? Elec J of Agric Delpmt Econ,2007.4(1), 5-46.
36. Von Loeper, W., Musango, J., Brent, A., &Drimie, S. Analysing challenges facing smallholder farmers and conservation agriculture in South Africa: A system dynamics approach.SAJ of Econ and Mgt. Sc, 2016.19(5), 747-773.
37. Van Zyl, J., Nel, H.J.G. & Groenewald, J.A. Agriculture’s contribution to the South African Economy. Agric Econ Resea, Policy and Pract in SA,1988. 27(2), pp. 1-9.
38. Kohls, R.L. & Uhls, J.N. Marketing of Agricultural Products, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.2002,
39. Pandey, M. & Tewari, D. Rural and Agricultural Marketing: Opportunities, Challenges and Business Strategies. Delhi: International Book Distributing Co, 2004,.
40. GDACE (Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment). Annual Report. Johannesburg: 2009 GDACE.
41. Chaminuka, P., Senyolo, G.M., &Makhura, M.N. A factor analysis of access to and use of service infrastructure amongst emerging farmers. SAJl of Agric Econ2008. 43 (3):11-12.
42. Kemm, E.H. Pig Production in South Africa, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Bulleting, 427.Pretoria: V and R Printers1993.
43. Cole, D.J.A. & Marley, M.A. Principles of Pig Science, Britain: Nottingham University Press1994.. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/sciuence/10angier.html. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
44. Ogunsumi, L.O. Socio-economic Conditions of Peasant Farmers: The Case of Agricultural Technologies’ Sustainability in Southwest Nigeria, J of Agric Econ, 2007, 2(29): 441-446. http: //www.academicjournals. org/AGAR. Retrieved 20/1/2018.
45. Jones, G.E. &Garforth, J. Improving Agricultural Extension: The History, Development and Future of Agricultural Extension. Chapter 1 1994. [Online], http: //www.fao.org. Retrieved18/11/2018.
46. Adhikarya, R. Strategic extension campaign: A participatory – oriented method of agricultural extension. Chapter 10 1994. [Online], www.fao.org (Retrieved on 18/11/ 2017).
47. Norton, G.W., Alwang, J. & Masters, W.A. The Economics of Agricultural Development: World Food System and Resource Use, 2006. New York: Routledge. http: // www.syngenta foundation.org/index.cfm percent. Retrieved 20/11/2017.
48. Branson, E.R. & Norvell, G.D. Introduction to agricultural marketing, New York, USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc.1983.
49. SA Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2014
50. Klober, K. Approaches to marketing—Notes from a direct sales survivor. 1998, Small Farm Today October-November, p. 48-51
51. Annon, Food safety and quality as affected by organic farming, Twenty-Second FAO Regional Conferences for Europe proceedings. Porto, Portugal, 2000, July 24–28. 14 p. www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/x4983e.htm
52. John Von Neumann & Oskar M, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior Princeton University Press1944,
53. Bacharach, M. Economics and the Theory of Games., Westview Press.1977
54. Kotler, P.C. and Singh, R “Marketing Warfare in the 1980s, Jl Bus Strat.1981 1, (3), 30.
55. Herbig P.A. Game Theory in Marketing: Applications, Uses and Limits. J Mktg Mgt, 1991, 7: 285-298.
56. Wagner H. M. Principles of Operations Research. NJ (USA) Prentice Hall,1985
57. Lazer W. e Thomas G. D. Handbook of Market Research. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974
58. Moorthy K. S. Using Game Theory to Model Competition. Jl Mktg Res, 1985, 23: 262-282
59. Tullock G. Adam Smith and the Prisoner’s Dilemma, Quart Jf Econ,1987, 179-221.
60. Re, P. Aspettifinanziari e quantitativi del Marketing. 2000. Turin (IT): Giappichelli,
61. Weitz B. e Wang Q. Vertical relationships in distribution channels: a marketing perspective. The Anti-Trust Bullettin, 2004, 49: 859-876.
62. McGuire T. W. e Staelin R. An Industry Equilibrium Analysis of Downstream Vertical Integration. Mktg Sc1983, 2(2): 161-191.
63. Coughlan A. T. Competition and Cooperation in Marketing Channel Choice: Theory and Application. Mktg Sc, 1985, 4 (2):110-129.
64. Guo, S. & Heese, H.S. Product variety and distribution channel structure. Inter J ProdRes,2017. 55(12), 3392-3410.
65. Dominici, G. Game theory as a marketing tool: uses and limitations. Gandolfo Dominici/ Elixir Marketing Mgmt.2011, 36 (2011) 3524-3528. [Online] www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal). Retrieved 17 July 2019.
66. Chowdrey, N. Playing ‘game theory’ as a marketing tool. Campaign. The Game Theory. 2019, Online https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/playing-game-theory-marketing-tool/1309753. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
67. Tarr, Revels & Rumley, South Carolina Direct Farm Business Guide. United States Department of Agriculture. National Institute of Food and Agriculture. 2013, Online https://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads//assets/articles/SCdirectfarm.pdf. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
68. Simpson, J. &Lappeman, J. .Marketing in South Africa - Consumer Landscape: Concepts and Cases 4/E. Van Schaik Publishers. Pretoria, 2017
69. Hardesty, S.D. & Leff, P. Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems:2009,25(1); 24–34.
70. Silverman, A. The ’Pasture’ in Pastured Poultry: An Oregon View. APPPA GRIT!2000. 12. 9.
71. Sethuraman, G. & Naidu, S. Livestock Production. Inter Ency Agric Sc Tech (8th Volume).2008, A Mittal Publication. New Delhi (India).
72. Jain, TR, Trehan, Mukesh, Trehan, Ranju. Business Environment. Ambala: FK Publications, 2010,
73. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. Practical Research: Planning and Design (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Merrill, Prentice Hall: Pearson Education, Inc.2010.
74. Mac’odo, D.S. Statistics for Decision-making: Port Harcourt; Pearl Published Ltd,2002.
75. Leedy, P.D. & Ormrod, J.E. Practical Research: Planning and Design, 11th Edition. Pearson Education Publishers. Inc. New Jersey, 2016,
76. Beltrán-Alcrudo, D., Kukielka, E.A., de Groot, N., Dietze, K., Sokhadze, M. & Martínez-López, B..Descriptive and multivariate analysis of the pig sector in Georgia and its implications for disease transmission. PLoS One, 2018 13(8): e0202800. Published online 2018 Aug 24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202800. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Published
2023-07-07
How to Cite
C. Uboegbulam, G., & M. Naong, T. (2023). MARKETING CHANNELS AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION FOR SWINE PRODUCERS IN FREE STATE OF SOUTH AFRICA. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 6(07), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8124432
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Copyright (c) 2023 Gideon C. Uboegbulam, & Tshedi M. Naong
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