ETHICAL DECISIONS AND EMPLOYEES’ EFFICIENCY OF HOTELS IN LAGOS STATE
Keywords:
Ethical Decision, Employees’ Efficiency, Hotel industry, Lagos State.
Abstract
The relevance of the hotel industry as an instrument for economic generation in countries cannot be over-emphasized. Despite its importance, hotel industry in Lagos State is facing a variety of challenges that are ethically based. Managers of the hotel industry in Lagos are seen to embraces unethical communication, not keeping to employees’ right, practicing organisational injustices, embracing unethical leadership, and training among others. These unethical practices has undermining effects on employees’ efficiency. Studies that examine the link between dimensions of ethical decisions on employees’ efficiency in the hotel industry in Nigeria, particularly in Lagos State, have not been reported.The above mentioned practical and theoretical gaps are the justification for this study. The research population comprised the 792 registered hotels in Lagos State out of which 63of the hotels selected through systematic random sampling. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size of 330 staffs out of 1,624staffs in selected hotels in Lagos State. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data, and analysed using Multiple Regression. The tested hypothetical relationship between dimensions of ethical decision on employees' efficiency shows that all the four dimensions of ethical decisions has positive and significant relationship with employees’ efficiency. It is concluded that the practices of ethical communication; organisational justice; ethical leadership; and ethical training are therapies for employee efficiency in the hotel industry.
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References
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Okocha, B, F., & Anyanwu, S. A. (2016). Organizational justice and employee satisfaction: a study of selected banks in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 2, (9),1-13.
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Panigrahi, S. K., & Al-Nashash, H, M. (2019). Quality work ethics and job satisfaction: an empirical analysis. Quality Management, 20, (168), 41-47.
Picho, E. O. (2014). The relationship between employee training and development and job satisfaction in Uganda Management Institute: An empirical study. Globa ljournal of commerce and management perspective, 3,(4),182-188.
Pongton, P., & Suntrayuth, S. (2019). Communication satisfaction, employee engagement, job satisfaction, and job performance in higher education institutions. ABAC Journal, 39, (3), 90-110.
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Sabir, M. S., Iqbal, J. J., Rehman, K., Shah, K. A. & Yameen, M. (2012). Impact of Corporate Ethical Values on Ethical Leadership and Employee Performance . International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 163-171.
Salifu1, A, I., Zhu, H., & Rakib, H. (2022). Ethical leadership style and employee job satisfaction: the mediating role of trust and work engagement in the Ghana education service. International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Econo, 9, (2), 1-11.
Salih, M, Birisci, M & Karakas, M. (2010). Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' View on Concept of Cartoons: A Sample from Turkey Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education . Middle -East Journal of Scentific Resaerch, 5, (3), 1-7.
Sekaran, U. (2003 ). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (5 Ed.) . New York: John Wileyand Sons.
Selart, M., & Johansen, S. T. (2011). Ethical decision making in organizations: the role of leadership stress. Journal of Business Ethics, 99, (2), 129-143.
Sharma, P., Lampley, J., and Good, D. (2015). Organizational communication: perceptions of staff members’ level of communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education, 11, (1), 43
Shehzad, N., Khan, M. I., & Khan, S. (2022). Relationship between ethical leadership, job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of contemporary issues in business and government, 28, (1), 385-392.Steven (2004).
Taormina, R. J., & Gao, J. H. (2009). Identifying Acceptable Performance Appraisal Criteria: An International Perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 47; 102-125.
Thomson, M. H., Adams, B. D, & Sartori, J. A. (2005). Moral and Ethical Decision Making Literature Review. Canada: Human systems Incorporated.
Tsai, W.C & Tai, K. (2003). Perceived Importance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Training Assignment and Training Motivation. Personal Review, 31, (2), 51-13.
Vasudevan, H. (2014). Examining the relationship of training on job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 4, (3), 185-202.
Bauer, T., & Zimmermann, K. (1999). Causes of International Migration: A Survey. In Crossing Borders: Regional and Urban Perspectives on International Migration, ed. P. Gorter. Nijkamp, J Poot: Aldershot: Ashgate.
Becker, G.S. (1994). Human Capital: A Theorectical and Empirical Analaysis with Special Reference to Education (3rd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
Bello, F., Isiaka, S, B., & Kadiri, I. B. (2018). Business ethics and employees satisfaction in selected micro and small enterprises in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 4, (3), 177–187.
Bon, A. C., Volkema, R. J., & Ferreira da Silva, J. F. (2017). Ethical Decision-Making: The Role of Self-Monitoring, Future Orientation, and Social Network. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BAR, 14, (1), 1.
Bulutlar, F., & Kamasak, R. (2008). The relationship between organizational communication and job satisfaction: an empirical study of Blue Collar Workers. DumlupinarUniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, (1), 1-15.
Davis, D. (2000). Business Research for Decision Making, Fifth Edition ed. Belmont: Duxbury Press.
Desa, N. M., & Asaari, M, A., Razak, A., and Jabar, N. (2019). Communication and job satisfaction among workers in the department of trade union affairs in the northern state of Malaysia. European Scientific Journal, 15, (28), 1-14.
Djordjevic, B., Milanovic, S., & Stankovic, . (2021). The influence of communication satisfaction on job satisfaction - the case of employees in the Republic of Serbia. Economic Horizons, 23, (2), 165-178.
Elm, D. R. & Radin, T. J. (2011). Ethical Decision-making: Special or No Different? . Ethics and Business Law Faculty Publications, DOI 10.1007/s10551-011-1041-4.
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business ethics: ethical decision making & cases, 8th edition. United States: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Galván-Vela, E., Ravina-Ripoll, R., Ahumada-Tello, E., & Tobar-Pesantez, B. (2022). Dimensions of organisational justice impact job satisfaction and turnover intention in emerging economics. Polish journal of management studies, 25, (2), 157-172.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. . New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Ghran, L, A., Jameel, A. S., & Ahmad, A. (2019). The effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction among secondary school teacher. International Review, 3, (4), 83-90.
Gulnar, B. (2007). The relationship between communication satisfaction and job satisfaction: a survey among selcuk university research assistants. International Symposium on communication in the millennium . Bloomington USA: Indiana University.
Ha Tran, Q. (2020). The relationship between organisational justice, employee satisfaction, and employee performance: a case study in Vietnam. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13, (7), 1182-1194.
Hartman, L. P., & DesJardins, J. (2011). Business ethics: Decision-making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Horner, C. (2006). Coaching for the better. Training and development method, 20, (4), 535-539.
Jones Lang LaSalle’s (JLL). (2022). Global hotel investment outlook: Lodging demand elevated to unexpected heights. Retrieved from JLL_global-hotel-investment-outlook-2022, on 29th August, 2022.
Juarsah, M. A., Masdupi, E., & Syahrizal, N. (2019). Effect of Organizational Justice, Trust in Bosses and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit of West Sumatra Region. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 94, 147-185.
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in Organisations: A Literature Review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94, (1), 89-106.
Karimi, S., & Nejad, A. H. (n.d.). The effect of organizational training on job satisfaction and individual performance of Ahwaz oil company employees. Revista Publicando, 5, (15), 385-401.
Kothari, C. (1990). New Age Research Methodology; Methods and Techniques (2nd Ed). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited.
Lemma, M., & Mekonnen, T. (2018). Effects of training on employee job satisfaction at Ethiopian management institute. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 6, (6), 98-119.
Lestari, G. D. (2017). Organizational justice analysis on employees’ satisfaction and performance in faculty of education universitas negeri Surabaya. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 173, 124-127.
Lotfi, M, H., & Pour, M. S. (2013). The relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among the employees. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 2073 – 2079.
Manning, M.L., Davidson, C.G & Manning, R. L. (2004). Toward a shortened measure of Organizational Climate in Tourism and Hospitality. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 24, (4), 444-462.
Nuhu, M. S., Salisu, F. B., Abubakar, S. L., & Abdullahi, S. A. (2018). Effects of training on job satisfaction among academic staff of Bayero University, Kano Nigeria. Noble International Journal of Social Sciences Research, 3, (11), 90-96.
Okocha, B, F., & Anyanwu, S. A. (2016). Organizational justice and employee satisfaction: a study of selected banks in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 2, (9),1-13.
Oxford Economics. (2019). Economic impact of the US hotel industry. Retrieved from https://www.ahla.com/sites/default/files/oxford2019 on 29th August, 2022.
Oxford Economics for the British Hospitality Association. (2022). The Economic Contribution of the UK Hospitality Industry. UK: British Hospitality Association.
Panigrahi, S. K., & Al-Nashash, H, M. (2019). Quality work ethics and job satisfaction: an empirical analysis. Quality Management, 20, (168), 41-47.
Picho, E. O. (2014). The relationship between employee training and development and job satisfaction in Uganda Management Institute: An empirical study. Globa ljournal of commerce and management perspective, 3,(4),182-188.
Pongton, P., & Suntrayuth, S. (2019). Communication satisfaction, employee engagement, job satisfaction, and job performance in higher education institutions. ABAC Journal, 39, (3), 90-110.
Pourmofrad, A. R., & Mohammadian, M. (2017). Study the effect of ethical principles on job commitment and satisfaction. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7,(4), PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2016). UK Hotels Forecast 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.uk/hospitality-leisure.
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2016). UK Hotels Forecast 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.uk/hospitality-leisure.
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). African Insights Hotels outlook: 2017–2021. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.za/ hospitality-and-leisure.
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019). As good as it gets? UK Hotels Forecast 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.uk/hospitality-leisure.
Report Linker. (2022). Hotel and other travel accommodation global market report 2022. Retrieved from https://www.reportlinker.com/p06193674/?utm_source=GNW on 29th August, 2022.
Sabir, M. S., Iqbal, J. J., Rehman, K., Shah, K. A. & Yameen, M. (2012). Impact of Corporate Ethical Values on Ethical Leadership and Employee Performance . International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 163-171.
Salifu1, A, I., Zhu, H., & Rakib, H. (2022). Ethical leadership style and employee job satisfaction: the mediating role of trust and work engagement in the Ghana education service. International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Econo, 9, (2), 1-11.
Salih, M, Birisci, M & Karakas, M. (2010). Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' View on Concept of Cartoons: A Sample from Turkey Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education . Middle -East Journal of Scentific Resaerch, 5, (3), 1-7.
Sekaran, U. (2003 ). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (5 Ed.) . New York: John Wileyand Sons.
Selart, M., & Johansen, S. T. (2011). Ethical decision making in organizations: the role of leadership stress. Journal of Business Ethics, 99, (2), 129-143.
Sharma, P., Lampley, J., and Good, D. (2015). Organizational communication: perceptions of staff members’ level of communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education, 11, (1), 43
Shehzad, N., Khan, M. I., & Khan, S. (2022). Relationship between ethical leadership, job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of contemporary issues in business and government, 28, (1), 385-392.Steven (2004).
Taormina, R. J., & Gao, J. H. (2009). Identifying Acceptable Performance Appraisal Criteria: An International Perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 47; 102-125.
Thomson, M. H., Adams, B. D, & Sartori, J. A. (2005). Moral and Ethical Decision Making Literature Review. Canada: Human systems Incorporated.
Tsai, W.C & Tai, K. (2003). Perceived Importance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Training Assignment and Training Motivation. Personal Review, 31, (2), 51-13.
Vasudevan, H. (2014). Examining the relationship of training on job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 4, (3), 185-202.
Published
2024-03-15
How to Cite
Ofodu, A., & UKabuilu, E. (2024). ETHICAL DECISIONS AND EMPLOYEES’ EFFICIENCY OF HOTELS IN LAGOS STATE. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 7(03), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10823028
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Amelia Jennifer Ofodu & Emmanueal Ukaabuilu
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