PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR IN SELECTED NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
Keywords:
Employee Rewards and Recognitions. Fairness. Civic Virtue. Sportsmanship. Supportive Human Resource Practices
Abstract
This study investigates the relationships between employee benefits, fairness, supportive human resource practices, and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) within organizational contexts. The objectives were to assess the impact of employee benefits, fairness and supportive HR practices on OCBs such as civic virtue and sportsmanship. The study employs a quasi-experimental survey design to investigate the relationships between perceived organizational support (POS) dimensions (employee benefits, fairness, and supportive HR practices) and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) (civic virtue and sportsmanship) among academic and non-academic staff members of Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST) and the University of Port Harcourt (Uniport) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The population of interest comprises 1,870 employees from RSUST and 3,800 employees from Uniport, totalling 5,670 individuals. Convenient sampling was utilized to select 375 university staff members based on availability and willingness to participate. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression analysis in IBM SPSS version 25.0, with a significance level set at 0.05. The study found significant positive relationships between employee benefits, fairness, and supportive HR practices with both civic virtue and sportsmanship. The Cronbach's Alpha values exceeded .70 for all variables, indicating high internal consistency. Based on these findings, the study concludes that fostering perceived organizational support through employee benefits, fairness, and supportive HR practices is essential for promoting organizational citizenship behaviours among university staff members. It recommends that HR practitioners and organizational leaders prioritize initiatives aimed at enhancing employee well-being, equity, and organizational support to foster a positive work environment conducive to OCBs, thereby contributing to organizational effectiveness and success.
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REFERENCES
Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015921.
Ajlouni, W. M. E., Kaur, G., &Alomari, S. A. (2021). Effective Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Using Fuzzy Logic to Obtain the Optimal Relationship. Quality Management in Healthcare, 30(1), 13-20.
Al-Hawary, S. I., &Nusair, W. (2017). Impact of human resource strategies on perceived organizational support at Jordanian public universities. Global Journal of Management and Business Research.Administration and Management, 17(1), 68-82.
Ali, H., Yin, J., Manzoor, F., & An, M. (2023). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm reputation and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediation of organic organizational cultures. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 1100448.
Andriyanti, N. P. V., &Supartha, I. W. G. (2021). Effect of perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior with job satisfaction as mediating variables. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5(1), 46-55.
Ardias, W. S. (2015). Peran Perceived Organizational Support Sebagai Moderator Pada Hubungan Job Stress DenganIntensi Turnover (Doctoral dissertation, Tesis).
Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S., & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: Test of a social exchange model. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(3), 267-285.
Baran, B. E., Shanock, L. R., & Miller, L. R. (2011). Advancing Organizational Support Theory into the Twenty-First Century World of Work. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(2), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9236-3
Baran, B. E., Shanock, L. R., & Miller, L. R. (2012). Advancing organizational support theory into the twenty-first century world of work. Journal of business and psychology, 27, 123-147.
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
Bogler, R., &Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and teacher education, 20(3), 277-289.
Caesens, G., &Stinglhamber, F. (2020). Toward a More Nuanced View on Organizational Support Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00476
Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. Handbook of social psychology, 61-88.
Cropanzano, R., & Rupp, D. E. (2008). SoCIalexChanGetheoRyanDoRGanIzatIonalJUStICe. Justice, Morality, and Social Responsibility, 63.
Das, S. C. (2021). Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) on Organizational Effectiveness: Experiences of Banks of India. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 9, 1-10.
de Geus, C. J., Ingrams, A., Tummers, L., & Pandey, S. K. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 259-270.
Demir, K. (2015). The effect of organizational justice and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behaviors: the mediating role of organizational identification. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 131-148.
DiPaola, M. F., Tarter, C. J., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Measuring organizational citizenship in schools: The OCB scale. Educational leadership and Reform, 4(2), 319-341.
Ehigie, B. O., &Otukoya, O. W. (2005). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviour in a government-owned enterprise in Nigeria. European journal of work and Organizational Psychology, 14(4), 389-399.
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of applied psychology, 75(1), 51.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500–507.
Eisenberger, R., Rhoades Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived organizational support: Why caring about employees counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 101-124.
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 565.
Emami, M., Alizadeh, Z., Nazari, K., &Darvishi, S. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9).
Essien, E., &Ogunola, A. A. (2020). Workplace Fairness and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: Implications for Nigerian Employees. Islamic University Multidisciplinary Journal (IUMJ), 7(1), 111-124.
Ficapal-Cusí, P., Enache-Zegheru, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2020). Linking Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment, and Knowledge Sharing with Prosocial Organizational Behavior of Altruism and Civic Virtue. Sustainability, 12(24), 10289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410289
Ficapal-Cusí, P., Enache-Zegheru, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2020). Linking Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment, and Knowledge Sharing with Prosocial Organizational Behavior of Altruism and Civic Virtue. Sustainability, 12(24), 10289.
Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9-22.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606.
Hunter, K. H. (2011). Organizational support and motivation theories: Theoretical integration and empirical analysis. ERA. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/c86d3eb9-57c1-4d6d-903c-cafda40cb101
Jabagi, N., Croteau, A. M., Audebrand, L., & Marsan, J. (2024). Fairness in Algorithmic Management: Bringing Platform-Workers into the Fold.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., &Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884.
Lawler, E. J. (2001). An affect theory of social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 321-352.
Lawler, E. J., &Thye, S. R. (2006). Social exchange theory of emotions. Handbook of the sociology of emotions, 295-320.
Liang, T. P., Liu, C. C., & Wu, C. H. (2008). Can social exchange theory explain individual knowledge-sharing behavior? A meta-analysis.
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., &Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(12), 4418.
Ndoja, K., &Malekar, S. (2020). Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Review. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 11(2), 89-104.
Noruzy, A., Shatery, K., Rezazadeh, A., &Hatami-Shirkouhi, L. (2011). Investigation the relationship between organizational justice, and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. Indian Journal of science and Technology, 842-847.
Nunnally, Jum C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nwachukwu, C., &Omofowa, S. (2022). Perceived organisational support and job-related wellbeing in Nigeria Universities. Nigerian Journal of Management Sciences Vol, 23(2).
Onuoha, U. C., &Tolulope, A. (2013). Perceived organizational support and some demographic variables predicting organizational commitment of non-teaching employees in a state-owned Nigerian university. IFE PsychologIA: An International Journal, 21(1), 182-193.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-802.
Pessach, D., &Shmueli, E. (2022). A review on fairness in machine learning. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 55(3), 1-44.
Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., &Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unit‐level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S87-S119.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142.
Puspitasari, V., Hidayati, T., &Rahmawati, R. (2023). Analyzing the effect of sportsmanship and civic virtue behaviors on teacher performance: moderating role of affective commitment. Journal of Madani Society, 2(1), 9-16.
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2019). Organizational behaviour.Pearson 18e. Pearson Education India.
Romaiha, N. R., Maulud, F. S. F., Ismail, W. M. W., Jahya, A., Fahana, N., & Harun, A. (2019). The determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(8), 124-133.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647-656.
Shore, L. M., & Shore, T. H. (1995). Perceived organizational support and organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano& K. M. Kacmar (Eds.), Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing social climate at work (pp. 149–164). Westport, CT: Quorum Press
Snape, E., & Redman, T. (2010). HRM practices, organizational citizenship behaviour, and performance: A multi‐level analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 47(7), 1219-1247.
Soelton, M. (2023). Conceptualizing Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Learning Organization in the Labor Sector. JurnalOrganisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 239-255.
Somech, A., &Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: The relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(5-6), 649-659.
Somech, A., & Ron, I. (2007). Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 38-66.
Subedi, R., &Sthapit, A. (2020). Association between Human Resource Management Practices and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Nepalese Commercial Banks. Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, XI(1).
Sumardjo, M., &Supriadi, Y. N. (2023). Perceived organizational commitment mediates the effect of perceived organizational support and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior. Calitatea, 24(192), 376-384.
Tambe, S. (2014). A study of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and its dimensions: a literature review.
Torres-Carballo, F., Morales-Rodríguez, N., Brenes-Leiva, G., & Solís-Salazar, M. (2018). Experimental measurement of organizational citizenship behavior: Altruism, risk aversion and sportsmanship. RevistaTecnologíaenMarcha, 31(4), 111-119.
Tsachouridi, I. (2021). Integrating fairness evaluations into social comparison processes: The construct of Fairness of Relative Perceived Organizational Support (FRPOS). International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM), 16(3), 88-100.
Tzafrir, S. S. (2005). The relationship between trust, HRM practices and firm performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(9), 1600-1622.
Uwa, K. L. (2022). Organizational Fairness and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study of Selected Fast Food Industries in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 10(2), 33-43.
Vardaman, J. M., Allen, D. G., Otondo, R. F., Hancock, J. I., Shore, L. M., & Rogers, B. L. (2016). Social comparisons and organizational support: Implications for commitment and retention.Human Relations, 69(7), 1483–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715619687
Voss, K. E., Stem, D. E., & Fotopoulos, S. (2000). A comment on the relationship between coefficient alpha and scale characteristics. Marketing Letters, 11, 177-191.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617.
Wu, C. C., & Liu, N. T. (2014). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Business and Information, 9(1), 61.
Zúñiga, C., Aguado, D., & Cabrera-Tenecela, P. (2022). Values That Work: Exploring the Moderator Role of Protestant Work Ethics in the Relationship between Human Resources Practices and Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 11.
Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015921.
Ajlouni, W. M. E., Kaur, G., &Alomari, S. A. (2021). Effective Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Using Fuzzy Logic to Obtain the Optimal Relationship. Quality Management in Healthcare, 30(1), 13-20.
Al-Hawary, S. I., &Nusair, W. (2017). Impact of human resource strategies on perceived organizational support at Jordanian public universities. Global Journal of Management and Business Research.Administration and Management, 17(1), 68-82.
Ali, H., Yin, J., Manzoor, F., & An, M. (2023). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm reputation and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediation of organic organizational cultures. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 1100448.
Andriyanti, N. P. V., &Supartha, I. W. G. (2021). Effect of perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior with job satisfaction as mediating variables. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5(1), 46-55.
Ardias, W. S. (2015). Peran Perceived Organizational Support Sebagai Moderator Pada Hubungan Job Stress DenganIntensi Turnover (Doctoral dissertation, Tesis).
Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S., & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: Test of a social exchange model. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(3), 267-285.
Baran, B. E., Shanock, L. R., & Miller, L. R. (2011). Advancing Organizational Support Theory into the Twenty-First Century World of Work. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(2), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9236-3
Baran, B. E., Shanock, L. R., & Miller, L. R. (2012). Advancing organizational support theory into the twenty-first century world of work. Journal of business and psychology, 27, 123-147.
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
Bogler, R., &Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and teacher education, 20(3), 277-289.
Caesens, G., &Stinglhamber, F. (2020). Toward a More Nuanced View on Organizational Support Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00476
Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. Handbook of social psychology, 61-88.
Cropanzano, R., & Rupp, D. E. (2008). SoCIalexChanGetheoRyanDoRGanIzatIonalJUStICe. Justice, Morality, and Social Responsibility, 63.
Das, S. C. (2021). Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) on Organizational Effectiveness: Experiences of Banks of India. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 9, 1-10.
de Geus, C. J., Ingrams, A., Tummers, L., & Pandey, S. K. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 259-270.
Demir, K. (2015). The effect of organizational justice and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behaviors: the mediating role of organizational identification. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 131-148.
DiPaola, M. F., Tarter, C. J., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Measuring organizational citizenship in schools: The OCB scale. Educational leadership and Reform, 4(2), 319-341.
Ehigie, B. O., &Otukoya, O. W. (2005). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviour in a government-owned enterprise in Nigeria. European journal of work and Organizational Psychology, 14(4), 389-399.
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of applied psychology, 75(1), 51.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500–507.
Eisenberger, R., Rhoades Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived organizational support: Why caring about employees counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 101-124.
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 565.
Emami, M., Alizadeh, Z., Nazari, K., &Darvishi, S. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9).
Essien, E., &Ogunola, A. A. (2020). Workplace Fairness and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: Implications for Nigerian Employees. Islamic University Multidisciplinary Journal (IUMJ), 7(1), 111-124.
Ficapal-Cusí, P., Enache-Zegheru, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2020). Linking Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment, and Knowledge Sharing with Prosocial Organizational Behavior of Altruism and Civic Virtue. Sustainability, 12(24), 10289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410289
Ficapal-Cusí, P., Enache-Zegheru, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2020). Linking Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment, and Knowledge Sharing with Prosocial Organizational Behavior of Altruism and Civic Virtue. Sustainability, 12(24), 10289.
Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9-22.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606.
Hunter, K. H. (2011). Organizational support and motivation theories: Theoretical integration and empirical analysis. ERA. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/c86d3eb9-57c1-4d6d-903c-cafda40cb101
Jabagi, N., Croteau, A. M., Audebrand, L., & Marsan, J. (2024). Fairness in Algorithmic Management: Bringing Platform-Workers into the Fold.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., &Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884.
Lawler, E. J. (2001). An affect theory of social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 321-352.
Lawler, E. J., &Thye, S. R. (2006). Social exchange theory of emotions. Handbook of the sociology of emotions, 295-320.
Liang, T. P., Liu, C. C., & Wu, C. H. (2008). Can social exchange theory explain individual knowledge-sharing behavior? A meta-analysis.
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., &Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(12), 4418.
Ndoja, K., &Malekar, S. (2020). Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Review. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 11(2), 89-104.
Noruzy, A., Shatery, K., Rezazadeh, A., &Hatami-Shirkouhi, L. (2011). Investigation the relationship between organizational justice, and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. Indian Journal of science and Technology, 842-847.
Nunnally, Jum C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nwachukwu, C., &Omofowa, S. (2022). Perceived organisational support and job-related wellbeing in Nigeria Universities. Nigerian Journal of Management Sciences Vol, 23(2).
Onuoha, U. C., &Tolulope, A. (2013). Perceived organizational support and some demographic variables predicting organizational commitment of non-teaching employees in a state-owned Nigerian university. IFE PsychologIA: An International Journal, 21(1), 182-193.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-802.
Pessach, D., &Shmueli, E. (2022). A review on fairness in machine learning. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 55(3), 1-44.
Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., &Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unit‐level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S87-S119.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142.
Puspitasari, V., Hidayati, T., &Rahmawati, R. (2023). Analyzing the effect of sportsmanship and civic virtue behaviors on teacher performance: moderating role of affective commitment. Journal of Madani Society, 2(1), 9-16.
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2019). Organizational behaviour.Pearson 18e. Pearson Education India.
Romaiha, N. R., Maulud, F. S. F., Ismail, W. M. W., Jahya, A., Fahana, N., & Harun, A. (2019). The determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(8), 124-133.
Sari, D. P., & Ali, H. (2022). Literature Review Measurement Model of Individual Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Work Culture and Workload. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 647-656.
Shore, L. M., & Shore, T. H. (1995). Perceived organizational support and organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano& K. M. Kacmar (Eds.), Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing social climate at work (pp. 149–164). Westport, CT: Quorum Press
Snape, E., & Redman, T. (2010). HRM practices, organizational citizenship behaviour, and performance: A multi‐level analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 47(7), 1219-1247.
Soelton, M. (2023). Conceptualizing Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Learning Organization in the Labor Sector. JurnalOrganisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 239-255.
Somech, A., &Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: The relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(5-6), 649-659.
Somech, A., & Ron, I. (2007). Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 38-66.
Subedi, R., &Sthapit, A. (2020). Association between Human Resource Management Practices and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Nepalese Commercial Banks. Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, XI(1).
Sumardjo, M., &Supriadi, Y. N. (2023). Perceived organizational commitment mediates the effect of perceived organizational support and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior. Calitatea, 24(192), 376-384.
Tambe, S. (2014). A study of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and its dimensions: a literature review.
Torres-Carballo, F., Morales-Rodríguez, N., Brenes-Leiva, G., & Solís-Salazar, M. (2018). Experimental measurement of organizational citizenship behavior: Altruism, risk aversion and sportsmanship. RevistaTecnologíaenMarcha, 31(4), 111-119.
Tsachouridi, I. (2021). Integrating fairness evaluations into social comparison processes: The construct of Fairness of Relative Perceived Organizational Support (FRPOS). International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM), 16(3), 88-100.
Tzafrir, S. S. (2005). The relationship between trust, HRM practices and firm performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(9), 1600-1622.
Uwa, K. L. (2022). Organizational Fairness and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study of Selected Fast Food Industries in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 10(2), 33-43.
Vardaman, J. M., Allen, D. G., Otondo, R. F., Hancock, J. I., Shore, L. M., & Rogers, B. L. (2016). Social comparisons and organizational support: Implications for commitment and retention.Human Relations, 69(7), 1483–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715619687
Voss, K. E., Stem, D. E., & Fotopoulos, S. (2000). A comment on the relationship between coefficient alpha and scale characteristics. Marketing Letters, 11, 177-191.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617.
Wu, C. C., & Liu, N. T. (2014). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Business and Information, 9(1), 61.
Zúñiga, C., Aguado, D., & Cabrera-Tenecela, P. (2022). Values That Work: Exploring the Moderator Role of Protestant Work Ethics in the Relationship between Human Resources Practices and Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 11.
Published
2024-05-22
How to Cite
NWIBERE, B. M. (2024). PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR IN SELECTED NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES. GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 7(02). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11243297
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