GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science

Age-Related Histomorphological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cadaveric Study

Dr. Ashrafi Akter Zahan — 2025-10-07

Background: As people become older, their kidneys change in both structure and function, which makes them less able to do their job and raises the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in older people. Even though a lot of research has been done on Western cultures, there isn't much information about how kidneys age in South Asian populations, like Bangladesh. Objective: The goal of this study was to look at how the structure of human kidneys varies with age in different age groups using cadaver samples from Bangladesh. Methodology: At Dhaka Medical College, researchers did a descriptive cross-sectional study on 100 kidneys from unclaimed bodies. The bodies were divided into four age groups: 10–19, 20–39, 40–59, and 60 years or older. We assessed morphometric characteristics such kidney weight, length, width, thickness, and volume. We also used hematoxylin and eosin staining to look at the number and size of glomeruli. ANOVA and unpaired t-tests were used to do the statistical analysis. Results: The size and volume of the kidneys were highest in the 20–39 years group and dropped a lot in older age groups (≥60 years). As people got older, the number of glomeruli per mm² went down, but the diameter of the glomeruli went up. This is a sign of compensatory hypertrophy. Histological results also showed that older kidneys had more interstitial fibrosis and thicker blood vessels. These findings support global patterns of kidney aging and draw attention to unique structural changes in South Asia. Conclusion: The work gives important baseline histomorphological information about how kidneys age in a South Asian population, showing that the structure of kidneys starts to break down after age 60. To find and treat age-related kidney disorders early, it's important to understand these changes, especially in places like Bangladesh where resources are limited.

Comparative Analysis of Morphological and Histological Differences between Right and Left Human Kidneys

Dr. Ashrafi Akter Zahan — 2025-10-07

Background: The right and left human kidneys are both bilateral organs, but they don't always have the same structure and histology. These kinds of differences can have an impact on how the kidneys work, how surgery is done, and how a diagnosis is made. Researchers in Western countries have looked into these kinds of differences a lot, but not so much in South Asia, especially Bangladesh. It is important to know about these changes in structure and histology because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming more common in the area. Objective: The goal of this study was to look at the differences in shape and structure between the right and left human kidneys in different age groups using cadaver samples from Bangladesh.
Method and Material: We used purposive sampling to get 100 kidneys (50 right and 50 left) from unclaimed bodies at Dhaka Medical College and did a descriptive cross-sectional study on them. We put the kidneys in 10% formalin and split them into four age groups: 10 to 19 years, 20 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years, and 60 years or older. The goal of this study is to look at the differences in shape and structure between the right and left human kidneys in different age groups, using cadaveric samples from Bangladesh. We did a descriptive cross-sectional study on 100 kidneys (50 right and 50 left) that we got from unclaimed bodies at Dhaka Medical College through purposive sampling. The kidneys were kept in 10% formalin and split into four age groups: 10 to 19 years, 20 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years, and 60 years or older.The concern was taken by all sample. Results: The results of this study could help us learn more about how kidneys age and what that might mean for medical practice. We used microscopy and staining methods to look at morphometric features (weight, length, width, thickness, and volume) and histological features (the number and size of glomeruli per mm²). We looked at the data with ANOVA and unpaired t-tests. Results: The 20–39 age group had the biggest kidneys and the most glomeruli. The number of glomeruli went down a lot as people got older, but their size went up, which could be a sign of compensatory hypertrophy. The left kidney was always bigger than the right in terms of weight, length, and volume. There were statistically significant changes in structure between the right and left kidneys and between age groups. These results show how important it is for the kidneys to be on the same side and how they change shape as we get older. Conclusion: This study shows that the right and left kidneys have very different structures and histologies, and that they get worse with age, especially after age 60. The results give South Asia some important baseline information and show how important it is for nephrologists, surgeons, and transplant surgeons to know about the area's anatomy. In the future, researchers should use molecular imaging and spatial profiling to learn more about the functional implications.

Anatomical Variations in the Renal Hilum: Disposition of Vessels and Branching Patterns in Human Cadavers

Dr. Ashrafi Akter Zahan — 2025-10-07

Background: The renal hilum is an important anatomical opening that leads to the kidney. It contains the renal artery, vein, and pelvis. The normal arrangement of the renal vein in front, the artery in the middle, and the pelvis in the back is not always the same. Congenital differences are common and important in medicine. These changes in anatomy affect urological, radiological, and surgical operations, such as nephrectomies and renal transplants. There are more and more kidney procedures happening in South Asia, but there is still not a lot of specific information about renal hilar variations, especially in the Bangladeshi population. Objective: The goal of this study was to look at the several ways that renal hilar structures can branch and change shape in adult Bangladeshi cadavers, see how common they are, and compare the results to data from across the world to help doctors make better decisions. Methodology: We did a descriptive cross-sectional study on 100 kidneys from unclaimed remains (50 right and 50 left). We put kidneys into four age groups: 10–19, 20–39, 40–59, and 60 years or older. We measured morphometric data including weight, length, breadth, and thickness, and then we used the ellipsoid formula to figure out the kidney volume. Histological study of cortical tissue from 5 pairs of kidneys found the size and density of the glomeruli. ANOVA, Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were all used to do the statistical analysis. Results: The most common anteroposterior hilar association was VAP (vein, artery, pelvis), which was found in 78% of kidneys. AVP was found in 21% of kidneys, while APV was found in 1%. The renal arteries had different numbers of branches: 72% had four, 19% had three, and 9% had two. The renal veins, on the other hand, always had one branch. Morphometric data showed that the group with the highest kidney volumes was the 20–39 years group (86.0 cm³). The volumes got smaller with age (≥60 years: 71.3 cm³). There were big differences in kidney volume between age groups (p=0.0012), but there were no differences between sides (p=0.19). There was a moderate negative connection between age and kidney volume (r = -0.46, p=0.0008). Conclusion: The renal hilar anatomy of people from Bangladesh is very different, especially when it comes to how the arteries branch and how the hilar structure relates to them. This shows how important it is to do routine preoperative vascular mapping. These results improve anatomical databases, which helps with planning surgeries and lowers the risk of problems during kidney procedures.