Ameliorating potentials of antioxidants on the lead-induced immunotoxicity in male Wistar rats

  • B. J, Olatunde Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
  • S. O, Ojeka Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
  • D. V, Dapper Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Keywords: Lead, Immunoglobulins, Antioxidants, Ameliorate and Toxicity

Abstract

Lead exposure is a significant environmental and public health concern, known for its detrimental effects on various physiological systems, including the immune system. The study was undertaken to establish the ameliorating action of antioxidants on lead-induced toxicity on immunoglobulins using male Wistar rats as experimental models. One hundred and sixty-two male Wistar rats with weights between 180 and 200 g were obtained from the Experimental Animal Farm of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The Wistar rats were housed in wooden animal cages in a well-ventilated experimental room. Handling of the animals was in accordance with relevant institutional and ethical guidelines as approved for scientific study. The control group (group 1) was orally given 0.5 ml of distilled water, while the treatment groups (groups 2 to 9) were orally given different substances as follows: 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead only, 200 mg/kg BW of vitamin C only, 1000 iu/kg BW of vitamin E only, 10 mg/kg BW of lead + 200 mg/kg BW of vitamin C, 10 mg/kg BW of lead + 1000 iu/kg BW of vitamin E, 10 mg/kg BW of lead + 40 mg/BW levamisole, 10 mg/kg BW of lead + 200 mg/kg BW of vitamin C + 40 mg/BW levamisole, and 10 mg/kg BW of lead + 1000 iu/kg BW of vitamin E + 40 mg/BW levamisole, respectively, once a day. The experiment was conducted in three phases (phases 1 to 3), which lasted for 7 days (acute phase), 30 days (sub-acute phase), and 60 days (chronic phase). At the end of the experimentation for each phase, five rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected from each rat and examined for immunological parameters. The effects of treatment with lead and antioxidants were compared with the control group. There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of the immunoglobulins in the lead group with respect to the control in all the phases. There was also a significant increase in the concentrations of the immunoglobulins in groups 3 and 4 with respect to the control in phases 1 and 2 and a significant increase in the concentrations of the immunoglobulins in groups 5 to 9 with respect to the lead group in all three phases. The antioxidants have, therefore, demonstrated the ability to ameliorate the lead-induced toxicity on the immunoglobulins.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Flora, S. J. S., Mittal, M., & Mehta, A. (2012). Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and its possible reversal by chelation therapy. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128(4), 501-523.

Wani, A. L., Ara, A., & Usmani, J. A. (2015). Lead toxicity: A review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 8(2), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2015-0009
El-Sayed, Y. S., El-Sayed, A., & Atta, A. H. (2019). Immunotoxic effects of heavy metals: A critical review. Toxicology Reports, 6, 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.002
Ercal, N., Gurer-Orhan, H., & Aykin-Burns, N. (2001). Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: Mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 1(6), 529-539. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026013394831.
Gupta, R., Singh, S., & Sharma, P. (2020). Role of antioxidants in mitigating lead-induced toxicity: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(14), 16001-16013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07943-4

Mosa, N. M., Khalil, W. K., & Almeer, R. S. (2021). The protective role of antioxidants in lead-induced toxicity on the immune system: Mechanistic insights. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, Article ID 8857802. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8857802

Macpherson, A. J., Geuking, M. B., & McCoy, K. D. (2018). Immunoglobulin A: A dedicated frontline defense of the intestinal tract. Immunological Reviews, 260(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12182
Stokes, C. R., & Noble, A. (2019). The biology of IgA. Mucosal Immunology, 12(6), 1236–1244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0202-1
Corthésy, B. (2013). Role of secretory IgA in infection and immunity. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 185. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00185
Kawamoto, S., Maruya, M., Kato, L. M., & Fagarasan, S. (2014). Role of the adaptive immune system in gut homeostasis. Nature Reviews Immunology, 14(8), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3707
Vidarsson, G., Dekkers, G., &Rispens, T. (2014). IgG subclasses and allotypes: From structure to effector functions. Frontiers in Immunology, 5, 520. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00520
Palmeira, P., Quinello, C., Silveira-Lessa, A. L., Zago, C. A., & Carneiro-Sampaio, M. (2012). IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2012, 985646. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/985646
Roopenian, D. C., & Akilesh, S. (2007). FcRn: The neonatal Fc receptor comes of age. Nature Reviews Immunology, 7(9), 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2155
Cerutti, A., Cols, M., & Puga, I. (2013). Marginal zone B cells: Virtues of innate-like antibody-producing lymphocytes. Nature Reviews Immunology, 13(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3383
Carroll, M. C., &Isenman, D. E. (2012). Regulation of humoral immunity by complement. Immunity, 37(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.002
Published
2024-12-12
How to Cite
Olatunde, B. J., Ojeka, S. O., & Dapper, D. V. (2024). Ameliorating potentials of antioxidants on the lead-induced immunotoxicity in male Wistar rats. GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science, 7(11), 01-08. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420810