Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of turmeric and cucumber juice following lead-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats
Keywords:
Turmeric, Cucumber, Lead, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Rats
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and free radicals generated by oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in various clinical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric and cucumber juice following lead-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male rats (170–250 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5 per group). Lead toxicity was induced in all rats by a single daily oral dose of 2.25 mg/kg, except in Group 1, which served as the control. The treatment was administered for 28 days as follows: Group 1 (control) received no treatment; Group 2 (Pb only) received 2.25 mg/kg of lead; Group 3 (Pb + TURM) received 2.25 mg/kg of lead with 1 ml of turmeric juice; Group 4 (Pb + CUM) received 2.25 mg/kg of lead with 1 ml of cucumber juice; and Group 5 (Pb + TURM + CUM) received 2.25 mg/kg of lead with 1 ml of both turmeric and cucumber juice. On day 29, blood samples were collected for serum analysis of antioxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]). Rats in Group 2 (Pb only) exhibited significantly higher levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α, and lower levels of SOD and CAT compared to the control group (p < 0.05), indicating oxidative damage and inflammation. Treatment with turmeric and cucumber juice in Groups 3 and 4 significantly reduced MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increased SOD and CAT levels (p < 0.05). Co-administration of both juices in Group 5 resulted in even more pronounced effects, suggesting a synergistic benefit. The mechanism of action remains under investigation.
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References
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20. Pietta, P. G. (1998). Flavonoids in medicinal plants. In C. A. Rice Evans & L. Packer (Eds.), Flavonoids in Health and Disease (pp. 61-110). Dekker.
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24. Saronee, F., Bekinbo, M. T., Ojeka, S. O., & Dapper, D. V. (2019). Comparative assessment of methanolic extracts of hog plum (Spondias mombin Linn.) leaves and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23(9), 1631-1636. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i9.4
25. Saronee, F., Dan-Jumbo, D., & Azosibe, P. (2024). Aphrodisiac properties of Craterispermum schweinfurthi leaf extract in lead-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats. African Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 12(1), 3-15.
26. Saronee, F., & Chinko, B. C. (2023). Evaluation of the phytochemical and toxicological properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. International Journal of Biochemistry, 14(2), 99-105.
27. Saronee, F., & Dapper, D. V. (2023). Investigating the hepatoprotective properties of Mangifera indica leaf extract on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats. Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 19(3), 91-99.
28. Sharma, M., & Gupta, R. K. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract in acute and chronic inflammatory models. Pharmacological Reports, 69(5), 788-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.007
29. Shukla, P., & Saxena, R. (2015). Impact of Cucumis sativus on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 8(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiac.2014.11.002
30. Singh, D., & Kumar, R. (2019). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of Allium sativum garlic extract. Antioxidants in Medicinal Chemistry, 11(4), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2019.02.004
31. Smith, A. J., & Green, P. L. (2018). Effect of Asparagus officinalis on lipid peroxidation and serum lipid profile in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(24), 6318-6326. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf503045r
32. Tiwari, P., & Bhat, P. S. (2015). Effects of Cinnamomum verum on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38(8), 1214-1220. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00223
33. Ugochukwu, S. E., & Okafor, I. D. (2017). Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo seed extract for anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 226, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.007
34. Uzoma, D., & Onwuchekwa, J. E. (2014). Protective role of Musa paradisiaca in lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicology Reports, 5, 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.12.003
35. Wang, W., & Zhao, X. (2019). Effects of polyphenolic compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea) on oxidative stress and cancer biomarkers in animal models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67(11), 3121-3131. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06125
2. Adil, M., Kandhare, A. D., Ghosh, P., Venkata, S., Raygude, K. S., & Bodhankar, S. L. (2016). Ameliorative effect of naringin in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in laboratory rats: Role of FXR and KIM-1. Renal Failure, 38(6), 1007–1020.
3. Aebi, H. (1974). Catalase. In U. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (pp. 673–677). Academic Press.
4. Akter, J., Hossain, M. A., Takara, K., Islam, M. Z., & Hou, D. X. (2019). Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 215, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.003
5. Dan-Jumbo, D., Saronee, F., Azosibe, P., Amadi, J. E., & Gbaranor, K. B. (2024). Changes in biochemical indices in lead-induced toxicity following administration of methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa rhizomes and Cucumis sativus fruits. Research in Biological Sciences, 7(8), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13898404
6. Ezebuiro, I., Chibuike, O., Saronee, F., Ikechukwu, I. W., & Adesua, C. O. (2020). Effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some hematological parameters of male Wistar rats. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 6(3), 1-5.
7. Fortune, S. Amah-Tariah, Joy, O. A. Laz-Okenwa, & Mpakaboari, T. Bekinbo. (2019). Changes in nitric oxide levels in lead-exposed male rats co-treated with methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa rhizomes and Spondias mombin leaves. International Journal of Research in Scientific Innovation, 6(8), 128-131.
8. Gbaranor, K. B., Maakai, B., Olatunbosun, T. H., Ben, E. E., Otobo, B. M., Enebeli, K. S., Saronee, F., Etim, D. N., Ovili-Odili, B. Z., & Daka, I. R. (2024). Effects of smoothies on oxidative stress markers following administration of monosodium glutamate in male Wistar rats. Scholarly International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 7(8), 129-134.
9. Germolec, D. R., Shipkowski, K. A., Frawley, R. P., & Evans, E. (2018). Markers of inflammation. In Immunotoxicity Testing: Methods and Protocols (pp. 57-79). Springer.
10. Ezebuiro, I., Chibuike, O., Saronee, F., & Obiandu, A. C. (2020). Effects of leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on serum lipids and oxidative stress markers of male Wistar rats. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology, 5(1), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJBGMB/2020/v5i130120
11. Iranloye, B. O. (2002). Effect of chronic garlic feeding on some haematological parameters. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 5(2), 81-82.
12. Iweala, E. J., Uche, M. E., Dike, E. D., Etumnu, L. R., Dokunmu, T. M., Oluwapelumi, A. E., & Ugbogu, E. A. (2023). Curcuma longa (Turmeric): Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicity profiles—a review. Pharmaceutical Research in Chinese Medicine, 6, 100222.
13. Johnson, O. M., Adefunmilayo, A. M., & Bankole, Y. O. (2022). Phytochemical screening, atomic absorption spectroscopy, GC-MS and antibacterial activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extracts. Journal of Advanced Microbiology, 22(9), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2022/v22i930498
14. Mansi, K., & Lahham, J. (2008). Effects of Artemisia sieberi Besser (A/herba-alba) on heart rate and some hematological values in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 4(1), 57-62.
15. McGill, M. R., Williams, C. D., Xie, Y., Ramachandran, A., & Jaeschke, H. (2012). Acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats and mice: Comparison of protein adducts, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the mechanism of toxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 20(12), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.015
16. McLean, S., Sheikh, A., Cresswell, K., Nurmatov, U., Mukherjee, M., Hemmi, A., & Pagliari, C. (2013). The impact of telehealthcare on the quality and safety of care: A systematic overview. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e71238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071238
17. Okwu, D. E. (2001). Evaluation of the chemical composition of indigenous spices and flavoring agents. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 455-459.
18. Oloyede, O. I., & Afolabi, A. M. (2012). Antioxidant potential of Garcinia kola (Leaf). Academic Research International, 2(2), 49-54.
19. Patra, R. C., Rautray, A. K., & Swarup, D. (2011). Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration. Veterinary Medicine International, 11(1), 457327.
20. Pietta, P. G. (1998). Flavonoids in medicinal plants. In C. A. Rice Evans & L. Packer (Eds.), Flavonoids in Health and Disease (pp. 61-110). Dekker.
21. Rose-John, S. (2018). Interleukin-6 family cytokines. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 10(2), a028415. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a028415
22. Saronee, F., Amah-Tariah, F. S., Chinko, B. C., & Dapper, D. V. (2023). GC-MS and proximate analysis of the hydromethanol extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi leaves. South Asian Research Journal of Natural Products, 6(2), 101-109.
23. Saronee, F., Amah-Tariah, F. S., Chinko, B. C., & Dapper, D. V. (2023). Ameliorative effects of the hydromethanol leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi on phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in male Wistar rats. International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences, 10(3), 19-25.
24. Saronee, F., Bekinbo, M. T., Ojeka, S. O., & Dapper, D. V. (2019). Comparative assessment of methanolic extracts of hog plum (Spondias mombin Linn.) leaves and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23(9), 1631-1636. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i9.4
25. Saronee, F., Dan-Jumbo, D., & Azosibe, P. (2024). Aphrodisiac properties of Craterispermum schweinfurthi leaf extract in lead-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats. African Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 12(1), 3-15.
26. Saronee, F., & Chinko, B. C. (2023). Evaluation of the phytochemical and toxicological properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. International Journal of Biochemistry, 14(2), 99-105.
27. Saronee, F., & Dapper, D. V. (2023). Investigating the hepatoprotective properties of Mangifera indica leaf extract on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats. Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 19(3), 91-99.
28. Sharma, M., & Gupta, R. K. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract in acute and chronic inflammatory models. Pharmacological Reports, 69(5), 788-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.007
29. Shukla, P., & Saxena, R. (2015). Impact of Cucumis sativus on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 8(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiac.2014.11.002
30. Singh, D., & Kumar, R. (2019). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of Allium sativum garlic extract. Antioxidants in Medicinal Chemistry, 11(4), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2019.02.004
31. Smith, A. J., & Green, P. L. (2018). Effect of Asparagus officinalis on lipid peroxidation and serum lipid profile in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(24), 6318-6326. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf503045r
32. Tiwari, P., & Bhat, P. S. (2015). Effects of Cinnamomum verum on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38(8), 1214-1220. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00223
33. Ugochukwu, S. E., & Okafor, I. D. (2017). Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo seed extract for anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 226, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.007
34. Uzoma, D., & Onwuchekwa, J. E. (2014). Protective role of Musa paradisiaca in lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicology Reports, 5, 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.12.003
35. Wang, W., & Zhao, X. (2019). Effects of polyphenolic compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea) on oxidative stress and cancer biomarkers in animal models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67(11), 3121-3131. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06125
Published
2024-11-20
How to Cite
Saronee, F., Kolawole, T. A., Amieye, B. D., Amadi, N. G., Amadi, J. E., Buduburisi, R. B., & Dapper, D. V. (2024). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of turmeric and cucumber juice following lead-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science, 7(10), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14192234
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