INFLUENCE OF FACEBOOK ADDICTION ON AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN NWAFOR ORIZU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, NSUGBE
Keywords:
Facebook, Facebook Addiction, Adolescent, Aggression
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of Facebook addiction on aggression among adolescent students in NwaforOrizu College of Education, Nsugbe (NOCEN). The study employed ex-post facto and correlation research design. The population of the study was 18,600 students. A total of 200 degree students from the 100 levels were randomly selected from the five departments in NOCEN that constituted the study. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. Two research instruments titled Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Buss – Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were used for data collection. Experts in the field of Educational Psychology and Measurement and Evaluation validated the instrument. Cronbach Alpha method was used in estimating the internal consistency of these instruments. Range of scores was used in answering research questions one and two while Pearson Product Moment Correlation, simply referred to as Pearson r was used to answer research question three. The hypothesis was tested at a .05 significance level. The result showed that most adolescent students are addicted to Facebook. It also revealed that most NOCEN students have severe aggression as a result of their addiction to Facebook. The findings also depicted that there is a positive and significant relationship between Facebook addiction and aggression among adolescent students in NOCEN. It was recommended among others that adolescent students should be educated about social media and the ways to use it, as well as the common risks involved there to help them understand and navigate technologies.
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References
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Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., &Pallesen, S., (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale 1, 2.Psychological reports, 110(2), 501-517.
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Banerjee, S. S., Greene, K., Kermar, M., &Bagasarov, Z., (2009). Who watches verbally aggressive shows? An examination of personality and other individual difference factors in predicting viewership.Journal of Media psychology, 21(1), 1-14.
Bevan, J. L., Gomez, R., & Sparks, L., (2014). Disclosure about important life events on Facebook: Relationship with stress and quality of life. Computers in Human Behaviour, 39(1), 249 – 253.
Buffarde, L.L. and Campbell, W. (2008).Narcissi and Social networking websites.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34(10), 1303-1314.
Bushman, B. J., &Huesmann, L. R., (2010).Aggression. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology(5th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 833–863). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M., (1992).The aggression questionnaire.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452.
Buss, D. M., (2005).The murderer next door. New York: Penguin Press.
Cao, F., & Su, L., (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological feature. Child care and health and development, 33(3), 275-281.
Casey, B. J., Tottenham, N., Liston, C., &Durston, S. (2005). Imaging the developing brain: what have we learned about cognitive development? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(3), 104 – 110.
Chaffey, D., (2017). Global Social Media Research Summary, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017, from http://www.smartingsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strakgy/new-global-social-media-research
Cheung, CMK & Lee, M.K.O., (2010).A theoretical model of intentional social action in online social networks.Decisions Support System 49(1), 24-30.
Correa, T. Hinsley, A & De Zuniga, H., (2010). Who interacts on the web? The intersection of users’ personality and social media use.Computers in Human Behaviour 26(2), 247 – 253.
Coyne, S. M & Thomas, T.J., (2008). Psychopathy, aggression and cheating behaviour.A test of the cheater – Hawk hypothesis.Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1105-1115.
DeWall, C. N., & Anderson, C. A., (2011). The general aggression model. In Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences (pp. 15–33). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Efrati-Virtzer, M., &Margalit, M., (2009). Students’ behavior difficulties, sense of coherence and adjustment at school: Risk and protective factors. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(1), 59-73.
Facebook (2012a).Four degrees of separation. Available at: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.4570v3.pdf (accessed 6 April 2012).
Facebook (2012b) Statistics. Available at: http://www.Facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics (accessed 6 April 2012).
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Garcia-Leon, A., Reyes, G. A., Vila, J., Perez, N., Robles, H., & Ramos, M. M., (2002). The aggression questionnaire: A validation study in student samples. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5, 45-53
Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social networking sites.Journal of Computer Medicated Communication 13(1), 276 – 297
Hong, F. Y., Huang, D. H., Lin, H. Y, & Chiu, S. L., (2014). Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese University students.Telematics and informatics, 31, 597 – 606.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.001
Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., &Goodboy, A. K., (2010).Understanding students’ classroom justice experiences and responses.Communication Education, 59(4), 453-474.
Hughes, D.J., Rewe, M., batey, M., & Lee, A., (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vsFacebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28 (2), 561-569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.//001
Hughes, D.J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A., (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vsFacebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computer in Human Behaviour. 28(2), 561 – 569. http://dx.doi.orh/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.001
Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S.J., (2008).The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits.European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212 – 218.
Kim, J., &Haridakis, P.M. (2009). The role of interneet user characteristics and motives in explain three dimensions of internet addiction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4)988 – 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.111/j.1083-6101.2009.01478x.s
Kim, Y., Sohn, D., & Choi, S. M., (2011). Cultural difference in motivations for using social network sites: A comparative study of American and Korean college students. Computers in Human Behaviour, 27, 365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.015
Ko, C.H., Liu, G. C., Hsiao, S., Yen, J. Y., yang, M. J., Lin, W, C., & Chen, C.S., (2009). Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaiming addiction. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(7), 739 – 747
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D.S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O., (2013). Facebook use Predicts declines in subjective well – being in young adults. Plos ONE, 8(8), c69841.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841.
Kuss, D. & Griffiths, M. (2011).Online Social networking and addiction.A review of the psychological literature.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 3528 – 3552.
Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D., & Binder, J. F (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computer in Human Behaviour, 29(3), 959-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024.
Kwon O. and Wen, Y., (2010) An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use. Computers in Human Behavior 26(2): 254–263.
Lavin, M.J., Yuen, C.N., Weinman, M., &Kozak, K., (2004). Internet dependence in the Collegiate Population: the role of shyness. Cyber Psychology & Behaviour, 7(4), 397-383.http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/CPb.2004.7.379.
Le, T.T. &Tarafidar, M. (2009). Business ecosystem perspective on Value co-creation in the Web 2.0 era: Implications for entrepreneurial opportunities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 1(2), 112-130.
Lee, E., (2012) Young, black, and connected: Facebook usage among African American college students. Journal of Black Studies, 43(3), 336–354.
Ler, Z.W.Y., Cheung, C.M.K., &Thadani, D.R. (2012).An investigation into the problematic use of Facebook.In 45th Hawaii International Conference on system sciences.
Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., & Christakis, N., (2008). The task for privacy: an analysis of college student privacy settings in an online social network. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14(1), 79-84.
Lopez, E. E., Olaizola, J. H., Ferrer, B. M. & Ochoa, G. M., (2006). Aggressive and nonaggressive rejected students: An analysis of their differences. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 387-400.
Macida, A. P., & Murcia, J, V., (2015). Influence of Facebook addiction on study habits of college students. Available at SRN2617158.
Olayiwola, A. O., (2007). Procedures in educational research. Ibadan: Kaduna Hanjiam Publishers.
Oldmeadow, J.A., Quinn, S., &Kower, R., (2013). Attachment style, social skills and Facebook use amongst adults.Computers in Human Behaviour, 29(3), 1142.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb
Onukwufor J. N., and Ugwu, C. J., (2018).Investigation of Principals’ Attitude towards Inclusion of Special Needs Students in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria.American Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(1),1-7. doi:10.12691/ajap-6-1-1.
Orr, E., Ross, C., Simmering, M., (2009). The Influence of Shyness on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate sample. Cyberpsychology& Behaviour 12(3), 337 -340.
Papacharissi, Z., & Mendelsohn, A., (2011). Toward a new(er) sociability: Uses, gratifications and social capital on Facebook. In S.Papathanassopoulos(Ed), communication and society: Media perspective for the 21st century. Concepts, topics and issues (pp. 212 – 230) Newyork:Routledge
Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L., (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–238.
Raacke, J. & Bonds–Raacke, J. (2008).Mysapce and Facebook: applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend networking sites. Cyberpsychology&Behvaiour 11(2): 169 -174.
Remillard, A. M., & Lamb, S., (2005). Adolescent girls' coping with relational aggression. Sex Roles, 53(3 - 4), 221-229.
Ritzer, G. and Jurgenson, N. (2010).Production, Consumption, Prosumption – the nature of capitalism in the age of the digital ‘Prosumer’.Journal of consumer Culture 10(1), 13 – 36.
Ross, C., Orr, E., Sisic, M. (2019).Personality and Motivations Associated with Facebook use.Computers in Human Behvaiour, 25(2), 578-586.
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., &Xenos, S., (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioural Addictions, 3(3), 133-148. Doi:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016
Skageby, J., (2009) Exploring qualitative sharing practices of social metadata: expanding the attention economy. Information Society,25(1), 60–72.
Sledgianowski, D., and Kulviwat, S., (2009) Using social network sites: the effects of playfulness, critical mass and trust in a hedonic context. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(4), 74-83.
Smith, A., & Anderson, M., (2018).Social Media use in 2018.Retrieved March 1, 2018, from http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018.
Stroud, D., (2008). Social networking: An age neutral Commodity – social networking becomes a matures web application. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice 9(1), 278 -292.
Walther, J., VanDerHeide, B., &Hamel, L., (2009) Self-generated versus other-generated statements and impressions in computer-mediated communication.Communication Research, 36(2), 229–253.
Weinstein, A., &Lejoyeux, M., (2010).Internet addiction of excessive internet use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 277-283.
Willard, N., (2006). Cyber bullying and cyber threats. Eugene, OR: Centre for Safe and Responsible Internet Use.
Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K., (2010) Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 173–177.
Yau, N., & Schneider, J., (2009) Self-surveillance. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 35(5): 24–30.
Zuckerman, M., (2007). The sensation seeking scale V (sss-v): still reliable and valid. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1303 – 1305.
Zuo, A., (2014). Measuring up: Social Comparisons on Facebook and contributions to self-esteem and mental Health (Doctoral Dissertation University of Michighan)
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., &Pallesen, S., (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale 1, 2.Psychological reports, 110(2), 501-517.
Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M., (2005).An integrated review of indirect, relational, and social aggression.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 212-230.
Arendain, J., (2015). Addictive tendencies of Facebook use and aggression: A psychosocial Influence UM Digos College Students. Unpublished thesis: Rizal Memorial College, Davao City Philippines.
Banerjee, S. S., Greene, K., Kermar, M., &Bagasarov, Z., (2009). Who watches verbally aggressive shows? An examination of personality and other individual difference factors in predicting viewership.Journal of Media psychology, 21(1), 1-14.
Bevan, J. L., Gomez, R., & Sparks, L., (2014). Disclosure about important life events on Facebook: Relationship with stress and quality of life. Computers in Human Behaviour, 39(1), 249 – 253.
Buffarde, L.L. and Campbell, W. (2008).Narcissi and Social networking websites.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34(10), 1303-1314.
Bushman, B. J., &Huesmann, L. R., (2010).Aggression. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology(5th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 833–863). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M., (1992).The aggression questionnaire.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452.
Buss, D. M., (2005).The murderer next door. New York: Penguin Press.
Cao, F., & Su, L., (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological feature. Child care and health and development, 33(3), 275-281.
Casey, B. J., Tottenham, N., Liston, C., &Durston, S. (2005). Imaging the developing brain: what have we learned about cognitive development? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(3), 104 – 110.
Chaffey, D., (2017). Global Social Media Research Summary, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017, from http://www.smartingsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strakgy/new-global-social-media-research
Cheung, CMK & Lee, M.K.O., (2010).A theoretical model of intentional social action in online social networks.Decisions Support System 49(1), 24-30.
Correa, T. Hinsley, A & De Zuniga, H., (2010). Who interacts on the web? The intersection of users’ personality and social media use.Computers in Human Behaviour 26(2), 247 – 253.
Coyne, S. M & Thomas, T.J., (2008). Psychopathy, aggression and cheating behaviour.A test of the cheater – Hawk hypothesis.Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1105-1115.
DeWall, C. N., & Anderson, C. A., (2011). The general aggression model. In Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences (pp. 15–33). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Efrati-Virtzer, M., &Margalit, M., (2009). Students’ behavior difficulties, sense of coherence and adjustment at school: Risk and protective factors. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(1), 59-73.
Facebook (2012a).Four degrees of separation. Available at: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.4570v3.pdf (accessed 6 April 2012).
Facebook (2012b) Statistics. Available at: http://www.Facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics (accessed 6 April 2012).
Fast Company (2010). Twitter Crushing Facebook’s click-through rate: Report. Available thhp://www.fastcompany.com/1694174/twitter
Gaille, B., (2017). 43 remarkable Facebook addiction statistics.Retrieved May 29, 2017 from http://brandongaille.com/42-remakrable-Facebook-addiction-statistics.
Garcia-Leon, A., Reyes, G. A., Vila, J., Perez, N., Robles, H., & Ramos, M. M., (2002). The aggression questionnaire: A validation study in student samples. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5, 45-53
Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social networking sites.Journal of Computer Medicated Communication 13(1), 276 – 297
Hong, F. Y., Huang, D. H., Lin, H. Y, & Chiu, S. L., (2014). Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese University students.Telematics and informatics, 31, 597 – 606.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.001
Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., &Goodboy, A. K., (2010).Understanding students’ classroom justice experiences and responses.Communication Education, 59(4), 453-474.
Hughes, D.J., Rewe, M., batey, M., & Lee, A., (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vsFacebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28 (2), 561-569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.//001
Hughes, D.J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A., (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vsFacebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computer in Human Behaviour. 28(2), 561 – 569. http://dx.doi.orh/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.001
Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S.J., (2008).The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits.European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212 – 218.
Kim, J., &Haridakis, P.M. (2009). The role of interneet user characteristics and motives in explain three dimensions of internet addiction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4)988 – 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.111/j.1083-6101.2009.01478x.s
Kim, Y., Sohn, D., & Choi, S. M., (2011). Cultural difference in motivations for using social network sites: A comparative study of American and Korean college students. Computers in Human Behaviour, 27, 365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.015
Ko, C.H., Liu, G. C., Hsiao, S., Yen, J. Y., yang, M. J., Lin, W, C., & Chen, C.S., (2009). Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaiming addiction. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(7), 739 – 747
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D.S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O., (2013). Facebook use Predicts declines in subjective well – being in young adults. Plos ONE, 8(8), c69841.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841.
Kuss, D. & Griffiths, M. (2011).Online Social networking and addiction.A review of the psychological literature.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 3528 – 3552.
Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D., & Binder, J. F (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computer in Human Behaviour, 29(3), 959-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024.
Kwon O. and Wen, Y., (2010) An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use. Computers in Human Behavior 26(2): 254–263.
Lavin, M.J., Yuen, C.N., Weinman, M., &Kozak, K., (2004). Internet dependence in the Collegiate Population: the role of shyness. Cyber Psychology & Behaviour, 7(4), 397-383.http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/CPb.2004.7.379.
Le, T.T. &Tarafidar, M. (2009). Business ecosystem perspective on Value co-creation in the Web 2.0 era: Implications for entrepreneurial opportunities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 1(2), 112-130.
Lee, E., (2012) Young, black, and connected: Facebook usage among African American college students. Journal of Black Studies, 43(3), 336–354.
Ler, Z.W.Y., Cheung, C.M.K., &Thadani, D.R. (2012).An investigation into the problematic use of Facebook.In 45th Hawaii International Conference on system sciences.
Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., & Christakis, N., (2008). The task for privacy: an analysis of college student privacy settings in an online social network. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14(1), 79-84.
Lopez, E. E., Olaizola, J. H., Ferrer, B. M. & Ochoa, G. M., (2006). Aggressive and nonaggressive rejected students: An analysis of their differences. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 387-400.
Macida, A. P., & Murcia, J, V., (2015). Influence of Facebook addiction on study habits of college students. Available at SRN2617158.
Olayiwola, A. O., (2007). Procedures in educational research. Ibadan: Kaduna Hanjiam Publishers.
Oldmeadow, J.A., Quinn, S., &Kower, R., (2013). Attachment style, social skills and Facebook use amongst adults.Computers in Human Behaviour, 29(3), 1142.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb
Onukwufor J. N., and Ugwu, C. J., (2018).Investigation of Principals’ Attitude towards Inclusion of Special Needs Students in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria.American Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(1),1-7. doi:10.12691/ajap-6-1-1.
Orr, E., Ross, C., Simmering, M., (2009). The Influence of Shyness on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate sample. Cyberpsychology& Behaviour 12(3), 337 -340.
Papacharissi, Z., & Mendelsohn, A., (2011). Toward a new(er) sociability: Uses, gratifications and social capital on Facebook. In S.Papathanassopoulos(Ed), communication and society: Media perspective for the 21st century. Concepts, topics and issues (pp. 212 – 230) Newyork:Routledge
Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L., (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–238.
Raacke, J. & Bonds–Raacke, J. (2008).Mysapce and Facebook: applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend networking sites. Cyberpsychology&Behvaiour 11(2): 169 -174.
Remillard, A. M., & Lamb, S., (2005). Adolescent girls' coping with relational aggression. Sex Roles, 53(3 - 4), 221-229.
Ritzer, G. and Jurgenson, N. (2010).Production, Consumption, Prosumption – the nature of capitalism in the age of the digital ‘Prosumer’.Journal of consumer Culture 10(1), 13 – 36.
Ross, C., Orr, E., Sisic, M. (2019).Personality and Motivations Associated with Facebook use.Computers in Human Behvaiour, 25(2), 578-586.
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., &Xenos, S., (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioural Addictions, 3(3), 133-148. Doi:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016
Skageby, J., (2009) Exploring qualitative sharing practices of social metadata: expanding the attention economy. Information Society,25(1), 60–72.
Sledgianowski, D., and Kulviwat, S., (2009) Using social network sites: the effects of playfulness, critical mass and trust in a hedonic context. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(4), 74-83.
Smith, A., & Anderson, M., (2018).Social Media use in 2018.Retrieved March 1, 2018, from http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018.
Stroud, D., (2008). Social networking: An age neutral Commodity – social networking becomes a matures web application. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice 9(1), 278 -292.
Walther, J., VanDerHeide, B., &Hamel, L., (2009) Self-generated versus other-generated statements and impressions in computer-mediated communication.Communication Research, 36(2), 229–253.
Weinstein, A., &Lejoyeux, M., (2010).Internet addiction of excessive internet use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 277-283.
Willard, N., (2006). Cyber bullying and cyber threats. Eugene, OR: Centre for Safe and Responsible Internet Use.
Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K., (2010) Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 173–177.
Yau, N., & Schneider, J., (2009) Self-surveillance. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 35(5): 24–30.
Zuckerman, M., (2007). The sensation seeking scale V (sss-v): still reliable and valid. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1303 – 1305.
Zuo, A., (2014). Measuring up: Social Comparisons on Facebook and contributions to self-esteem and mental Health (Doctoral Dissertation University of Michighan)
Published
2022-11-19
How to Cite
Ukamaka Martha, O., Ursula Ifeoma, O., Georgina Chinelo, U., & Florence Ngozi, U. (2022). INFLUENCE OF FACEBOOK ADDICTION ON AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN NWAFOR ORIZU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, NSUGBE. GPH-International Journal of Educational Research, 5(10), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7336898
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Copyright (c) 2022 Okonkwo, Ukamaka Martha, Oparaugo, Ursula Ifeoma, Uzokife, Georgina Chinelo, Ufearo, Florence Ngozi
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