The DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF PARENTS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER PREFERENCE OF IN- SCHOOLADOLESCENTS STUDENTS IN ABIA STATE
Keywords:
Demographic Variables, parents, Career Preference, Secondary School Students
Abstract
This study investigated Demographic Variables of parents as predictor of career preference of in-school adolescents students in Abia State. Five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. On the whole, 10% (690) of the SS2 senior secondary school (SS2) students in 2018/2019 academic sessions was selected from the three educational zones of Abia State namely, Umuahia Educational, Ohafia Education and Aba Educational Zones of Abia State. Two instruments used for data collection were developed questionnaire titled: Demographic Variable of Parents Questionnaire (SEBPQ) and Career Preference Questionnaire (CPQ). The instruments were structured into three sections as follows: (a) personal data, (b) Demographic Variables of parents, and (c) students career preference. The data for the study were collected by the researchers’. This was made possible with the help of the three research assistants who were Masters Students of the corresponding author. Out of the 690 copies of the questionnaire administered, 648 copies were returned and used for the analysis representing 96.6% rate of return. Data obtained through the administered questionnaire were organized and analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to answer the research questions while linear regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. Based on the data collected and analyzed, the study found that: parents’ educational qualification positively predicted about 66% of career preference of senior secondary school students in Abia State, parents’ occupational background strongly and positively predicted about 23% of career preference of students and parents’ financial background strongly, positively predicted about 62% of career preference of students, significant relationship between male and female students on career preference of senior secondary school students and significant relationship exist among urban and rural students on career preference of senior secondary school students.Based on the above findings of the study, it was therefore concluded that parents’ educational qualification strongly and positively influences career preference of senior secondary school students in Abia State. It is therefore reccomended that: Counsellors should go beyond the academic field and help students to improve and understand how their perceptions of parents’ educational qualification may shape their career preference in school.
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References
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Abdulraheem, B.O. (2015). Parents’ Socioeconomic Status as a predictor of Secondary School Students’ Academic Performances in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Journal of Education and Practice. ISSN 2222-288x Vol. 6, No.1.
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Adewale, A. M. (2012). Effects of parental socio-economic status on academic performance of student.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(7), 230-240.
Adeyemo, D. A. (2011).Teachers’ Job satisfaction, Job involvement, career and organizational commitments as correlates of student academic performance.Nigerian Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(2), 126 – 135.
Ahmar, F. & Anwar, E. (2013).Socio-economic status and its relation to academic achievement of higher secondary school students. IOSYJournal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IOSR – JHSS) vol. 13, No. 6 (Jul – Aug. 2013), pp 13 – 20. e-ISSN: 2279 – 0837.
Ajila, C. &Olutola, A. (2012).Impact of Parents’ socio-economic status on university students’ academic performance.Ife journal of Educational studies, 7, (1), 31 – 39.
Akinsanya, O.O. and Ajayi, K.O. (2011). Relative effect of parents‘ occupation, qualification and academic motivation of ward on students‘ achievement is senior secondary school. British Journal of Arts and Social Science, 3 (2), 242- 253.
Aldefer, C. (2014). A family therapist’s reaction to the influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. The Counselling Psychologist, 34(4):569-577.
Alika, H.I. (2010a). Career Choice in Engineering: The influence of peer and parents implication for counselling. College Student Journal, 46(3):535-542.
Alika, H.I. (2010b). Parental and peer group influence as correlates of career choice in humanities among secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education and Society, 1(1):179.
Asikhia, O. A. (2010). Students and teachers’ perception of causes of poor academic performance in Ogun State secondary schools in Nigeria: Implications for counselling for National Development. European Journal of Social Sciences vol. 13(2): 229 – 247.
Bandura, A. (1979) Social cognitive theory: Annals of Child development, 6. 1 – 60.
Bates, C.W. (2015).The influence of family on the career interests and choices of youth.International Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(9):67-72.
Bett, J.C. (2013). The importance of promoting the value and the role of peer counselling among students in secondary schools.International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(6):477-484.
Bett, J.C. (2013). The importance of promoting the value and the role of peer counselling among students in secondary schools.International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(6):477-484.
Braza, M.R.S. &Guillo, R.M. (2015).Social-demographic characteristics and career choices of private secondary school students.Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4):78-84.
Brown,P.C. (2009). Parents in the education of their children. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from KidsourceOnLine, Inc .
Catherine H, (2016). Women, career and work-life preferences, British Journal of Guidance and Counselling; 34(3):279-294.
Chauhan (1990).The world of psychology of cosition: the Beginimer. Port Harcourt: pam unique publishers.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2011).Research methods in education. London: American International Journal of Social Science, 2(5):172-180.
Considine, G. &Zappala, G. (2012).The influence of social economic disadvantage in the academic performance of school students in Australia.Journal of Sociology, 38,127 -148.
Craig, T.N & Ronald, C.J. (2014). Socio-economic status does not moderate the familiarity of cognitive abilities in Hawaii family study of cognition. Jul. 2007. Cross River State Nigeria. An International Multidisciplinary Journal Ethiopia, 5(1):327-341.
Craig, T.N & Ronald, C.J. (2014). Socio-economic status does not moderate the familiarity of cognitive abilities in Hawaii family study of cognition. Jul. 2007.
Demarest I.J. (1993). Correlates of psychological distress among secondary teachers.British Educational Research Journal, 16, 369–382.RetrievedMarch8,2009, from http://jpo.sagepub.com/cgi/rapidpdf/1043454208321139v1.pdf.
Desforges, C.&Abouchaar, A. (2013). The impact of parental involvement, parental support and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A literature review; Research report no 433.Queen’s printer, No.33.
Diekmann, Krassnig and Lorenz (1996).Speaking o1f methods: Eliciting Religious narrative through interviews, photos and oral Okrus.Annual review of the sociology of Religious 117- 134.
Eamon, M. K. (2015). Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on academic achievement of Latino young adolescents.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34 (2), 163-175.
Edward, K. & Quinter, M. (2011). Factors influencing students career choice among secondary school students in Kisimu Municipality, Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, (JETERAPS), 2(2): 81-87.
Edwards, K. & Quinter, M. (2011). Factors influencing students career choices among secondary school students in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2(2):81-87.
Egbochuku, E.O. &Akpan, S.N. (2008). An assessment of counselling needs of Nigerian University graduate students. European Journal of Economic, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 11:67-73.
Elliot., R. and Ageton (1980). Self-esteem and aggression: The links.Retrieved on April 04, 2014 from http://www.futurevisim.org.
Eyo, M.B. (2011). Gender and occupational preferences among senior high school students.American International Journal of Social Science, 2(5):172-180.
Eze, O.M. (2012). The effects of parental economic status and pupil sex on school achievement in English Language. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria. A.B.U. Zaria. . 3 (3), 27.
Eze, O.M. (2012). The effects of parental economic status and pupil sex on school achievement in English Language. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria. A.B.U. Zaria. . 3 (3), 27.
Ezeani, N. S. (2013). Career choice: A basic issues in primary and secondary school level. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(2): 18-28.
Ezeweani, U.L. &Atomatofa, R.O. (2012). Choosing a career in science: The Nigerian student
Faiter, G.M. &Faiter, S.L. (2013). Teachers’ influence on students’ science career choices. www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.5, No.37, 2014.
Farooq, M.S, Chaudhry, A. H., Shafiq, M. &Berhanu, G. (2011). Factors affecting students‘ quality of academic performance: A case of secondary school level. Journal of Quality and TechnolgyMangement, 7 (2), 1-14.
Gratz, J. (2016). The impact of parents’ background on their children’s education.Educational Studies 268.Saving Our Nation, Saving Our Schools: Public Education for Public Good.
Hafiz, M. &Waqas, R. (2013). Parental involvement and academic performance: A study on secondary school of Lahore.International Journal of Humanities and social Science.Vol.3 No.8.
Hall, S. (2010). The relationship between gender and career choice.Cited from www.ehow.com on 15/01/2010.
Hansen, N.M and Mastekaasa, A. (2016).Social origins and academic performance at University.Oxford University Press. Retrieved from
Hewith, J. (2010). Factors influencing career choice.Retrieved from www.ehow.com on 3/6/2018.
Jamila, E.H. (2009).Parents’ socioeconomic status and children’s academic performance.Norwegian Social Research.
Jeofrey, M., (2017).Factors Influencing the Choice of Career Pathways among High School Students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe.Unpublished P.hD Thesis University of South Africa.
Kainwa, A. & Yusuf, N.B. (2013). Influence of Socio-economic and Educational Background of Parents on their children’s Education in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol 3, Issue 10, ISSN 2250 – 3153.
Mahmood, S., Attah, A., Muhmmad, I &Humaira, S. (2012). Impact of socio-economic status of family on the academic achievement of students.Gomal University Journal of Research, 28 (1), 13-18.
Mairo, D. M., (2017).Influence of Nurturing Styles on Career Choice of Senior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Mallam, D. (2009). Relationship between socio-economic performance and students’ academic performance of senior secondary school in Kebbi.Unpublished M.Ed. Dessertation, Usmanu. Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
Mehar, R &Avneet, K. (2015).Career Choice Preferences among Rural and Urban Adolescents in Relation to their Intelligence.Educational Quest: An Int. J. of Education and Applied Social Sciences Vol 6 l Issue 3.
Modupe, M. O. & Sunday, P. A. (2014). Impact of Parents’ Socio-Economic Background on Students’ Achievement in Agricultural Science at the Senior Secondary School Level in Ogbomoso South Local Government, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Journal of Education and Practice, vol. 6.
Monica, A., & Kate, M. K. (2015). Early determinants of women in workforce: A model of girl's career choices. Information Technology & People, 18(3): 230-259.
Mudassir, A.&Abubakar, N. (2015). The Impact of Parents’ Occupation on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students.Multilingual Academic Journal of Social Sciences .Vol 3, No.1.
Ngozi, O. Obiyo, A, Celestine O. &Eze, A., (2015). Parental socio-economic-status as predictor of vocational aspirations of secondary school students in Nigeria: Implications for peace, curriculum planners and special educators in Nigeria. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction 7(2), 18–34.
Nwankwo, Nwoke, Chukwuocha, Obbany, Nwoga, iwuagwu and Okereke (2010) Psychology of Lessing.The human perspectives. Port Harcourt: Pam Unique Publisher.
Oakes, J.M., & Rossi, P.H. (2012). The measurement of SES in health research: Current practice and steps toward a new approach. Social Science and Medicine. 56, 769-784.
Odoh, L., Chukwudi, Odoh, U.B.J., Odigbo, B.E &Chukwuani, N.U (2017). Influence of parental occupation and level of Education on Academic Performance of Accounting Students in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7, 10, 21-27.
Ogunlade, J. O. &Akeredolu, S. A. (2012). Influence of counseling on career preference among secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Sociology, Psychology, and Anthropology in Practice, 4(3): 26-30.
Ogunshola F., Adewale, A. M (2012). Effect of parental socio-economic status on academic performance of student.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2 (7), 230-240.
Okwo, C. R. (2013).Demographic Characteristics as Predictors of Social Competence and Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Students in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Manuscript in University of Nigeria.
Okwuanciso, S.I and Nwazor, J.C. (2011).International Strategies in Business Education.Awka: Ikenga Publisher.
Osakinle, E. O. &Adegoroye, B. S. (2018).Vocational guidance and career counselling. Gold Prints Publishers, Lagos Nigeria perception. Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 1(2):73-81.
Reynolds, C. (2012). Factors affecting the choice of courses in college.Retrieved on April 28, 2018 from http://www.ehow.com/list_5890546_factors-affecting-choicecoursescollege.html.
Samuel, A. A. (2015). Influence of Socio-Economic Status And School Location on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Accounting in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Victoria, I. J. (2016).Relationships among Parents’ Educational Level, Income, Academic Adjustment and Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Walsh, W.B., Osipow, S.H. (2016). Career preferences, self-concept, and vocational maturity. Res High Educ 1, 287–295 (1973) doi:10.1007/BF00991535.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (2011). Socioeconomic status, Race, Gender, & Retention: Impact on Students’ achievement. Retrieved Nov. 16, 2011. 7.45pm. from http://www.Wikipedia.Com/spam. Zaria, Nigeria.
Abdulraheem, B.O. (2015). Parents’ Socioeconomic Status as a predictor of Secondary School Students’ Academic Performances in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Journal of Education and Practice. ISSN 2222-288x Vol. 6, No.1.
Abubakar, M., (2015). The Influence of Socio-Economic Status On Career Aspiration Among Senior Secondary School Students In Sokoto Metropolis. Unpublished B.Sc Project, UsmanuDanfodiyo University Sokoto.
Adedeji, B. (2008). Influence of Parent Socio-Economic Status on Students’ Academic Performance in Economics: Unpublished B .Ed project, University of Ibadan.
Adewale, A. M. (2012). Effects of parental socio-economic status on academic performance of student.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(7), 230-240.
Adeyemo, D. A. (2011).Teachers’ Job satisfaction, Job involvement, career and organizational commitments as correlates of student academic performance.Nigerian Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(2), 126 – 135.
Ahmar, F. & Anwar, E. (2013).Socio-economic status and its relation to academic achievement of higher secondary school students. IOSYJournal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IOSR – JHSS) vol. 13, No. 6 (Jul – Aug. 2013), pp 13 – 20. e-ISSN: 2279 – 0837.
Ajila, C. &Olutola, A. (2012).Impact of Parents’ socio-economic status on university students’ academic performance.Ife journal of Educational studies, 7, (1), 31 – 39.
Akinsanya, O.O. and Ajayi, K.O. (2011). Relative effect of parents‘ occupation, qualification and academic motivation of ward on students‘ achievement is senior secondary school. British Journal of Arts and Social Science, 3 (2), 242- 253.
Aldefer, C. (2014). A family therapist’s reaction to the influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. The Counselling Psychologist, 34(4):569-577.
Alika, H.I. (2010a). Career Choice in Engineering: The influence of peer and parents implication for counselling. College Student Journal, 46(3):535-542.
Alika, H.I. (2010b). Parental and peer group influence as correlates of career choice in humanities among secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education and Society, 1(1):179.
Asikhia, O. A. (2010). Students and teachers’ perception of causes of poor academic performance in Ogun State secondary schools in Nigeria: Implications for counselling for National Development. European Journal of Social Sciences vol. 13(2): 229 – 247.
Bandura, A. (1979) Social cognitive theory: Annals of Child development, 6. 1 – 60.
Bates, C.W. (2015).The influence of family on the career interests and choices of youth.International Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(9):67-72.
Bett, J.C. (2013). The importance of promoting the value and the role of peer counselling among students in secondary schools.International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(6):477-484.
Bett, J.C. (2013). The importance of promoting the value and the role of peer counselling among students in secondary schools.International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(6):477-484.
Braza, M.R.S. &Guillo, R.M. (2015).Social-demographic characteristics and career choices of private secondary school students.Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4):78-84.
Brown,P.C. (2009). Parents in the education of their children. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from KidsourceOnLine, Inc .
Catherine H, (2016). Women, career and work-life preferences, British Journal of Guidance and Counselling; 34(3):279-294.
Chauhan (1990).The world of psychology of cosition: the Beginimer. Port Harcourt: pam unique publishers.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2011).Research methods in education. London: American International Journal of Social Science, 2(5):172-180.
Considine, G. &Zappala, G. (2012).The influence of social economic disadvantage in the academic performance of school students in Australia.Journal of Sociology, 38,127 -148.
Craig, T.N & Ronald, C.J. (2014). Socio-economic status does not moderate the familiarity of cognitive abilities in Hawaii family study of cognition. Jul. 2007. Cross River State Nigeria. An International Multidisciplinary Journal Ethiopia, 5(1):327-341.
Craig, T.N & Ronald, C.J. (2014). Socio-economic status does not moderate the familiarity of cognitive abilities in Hawaii family study of cognition. Jul. 2007.
Demarest I.J. (1993). Correlates of psychological distress among secondary teachers.British Educational Research Journal, 16, 369–382.RetrievedMarch8,2009, from http://jpo.sagepub.com/cgi/rapidpdf/1043454208321139v1.pdf.
Desforges, C.&Abouchaar, A. (2013). The impact of parental involvement, parental support and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A literature review; Research report no 433.Queen’s printer, No.33.
Diekmann, Krassnig and Lorenz (1996).Speaking o1f methods: Eliciting Religious narrative through interviews, photos and oral Okrus.Annual review of the sociology of Religious 117- 134.
Eamon, M. K. (2015). Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on academic achievement of Latino young adolescents.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34 (2), 163-175.
Edward, K. & Quinter, M. (2011). Factors influencing students career choice among secondary school students in Kisimu Municipality, Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, (JETERAPS), 2(2): 81-87.
Edwards, K. & Quinter, M. (2011). Factors influencing students career choices among secondary school students in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2(2):81-87.
Egbochuku, E.O. &Akpan, S.N. (2008). An assessment of counselling needs of Nigerian University graduate students. European Journal of Economic, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 11:67-73.
Elliot., R. and Ageton (1980). Self-esteem and aggression: The links.Retrieved on April 04, 2014 from http://www.futurevisim.org.
Eyo, M.B. (2011). Gender and occupational preferences among senior high school students.American International Journal of Social Science, 2(5):172-180.
Eze, O.M. (2012). The effects of parental economic status and pupil sex on school achievement in English Language. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria. A.B.U. Zaria. . 3 (3), 27.
Eze, O.M. (2012). The effects of parental economic status and pupil sex on school achievement in English Language. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria. A.B.U. Zaria. . 3 (3), 27.
Ezeani, N. S. (2013). Career choice: A basic issues in primary and secondary school level. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(2): 18-28.
Ezeweani, U.L. &Atomatofa, R.O. (2012). Choosing a career in science: The Nigerian student
Faiter, G.M. &Faiter, S.L. (2013). Teachers’ influence on students’ science career choices. www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.5, No.37, 2014.
Farooq, M.S, Chaudhry, A. H., Shafiq, M. &Berhanu, G. (2011). Factors affecting students‘ quality of academic performance: A case of secondary school level. Journal of Quality and TechnolgyMangement, 7 (2), 1-14.
Gratz, J. (2016). The impact of parents’ background on their children’s education.Educational Studies 268.Saving Our Nation, Saving Our Schools: Public Education for Public Good.
Hafiz, M. &Waqas, R. (2013). Parental involvement and academic performance: A study on secondary school of Lahore.International Journal of Humanities and social Science.Vol.3 No.8.
Hall, S. (2010). The relationship between gender and career choice.Cited from www.ehow.com on 15/01/2010.
Hansen, N.M and Mastekaasa, A. (2016).Social origins and academic performance at University.Oxford University Press. Retrieved from
Hewith, J. (2010). Factors influencing career choice.Retrieved from www.ehow.com on 3/6/2018.
Jamila, E.H. (2009).Parents’ socioeconomic status and children’s academic performance.Norwegian Social Research.
Jeofrey, M., (2017).Factors Influencing the Choice of Career Pathways among High School Students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe.Unpublished P.hD Thesis University of South Africa.
Kainwa, A. & Yusuf, N.B. (2013). Influence of Socio-economic and Educational Background of Parents on their children’s Education in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol 3, Issue 10, ISSN 2250 – 3153.
Mahmood, S., Attah, A., Muhmmad, I &Humaira, S. (2012). Impact of socio-economic status of family on the academic achievement of students.Gomal University Journal of Research, 28 (1), 13-18.
Mairo, D. M., (2017).Influence of Nurturing Styles on Career Choice of Senior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Mallam, D. (2009). Relationship between socio-economic performance and students’ academic performance of senior secondary school in Kebbi.Unpublished M.Ed. Dessertation, Usmanu. Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
Mehar, R &Avneet, K. (2015).Career Choice Preferences among Rural and Urban Adolescents in Relation to their Intelligence.Educational Quest: An Int. J. of Education and Applied Social Sciences Vol 6 l Issue 3.
Modupe, M. O. & Sunday, P. A. (2014). Impact of Parents’ Socio-Economic Background on Students’ Achievement in Agricultural Science at the Senior Secondary School Level in Ogbomoso South Local Government, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Journal of Education and Practice, vol. 6.
Monica, A., & Kate, M. K. (2015). Early determinants of women in workforce: A model of girl's career choices. Information Technology & People, 18(3): 230-259.
Mudassir, A.&Abubakar, N. (2015). The Impact of Parents’ Occupation on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students.Multilingual Academic Journal of Social Sciences .Vol 3, No.1.
Ngozi, O. Obiyo, A, Celestine O. &Eze, A., (2015). Parental socio-economic-status as predictor of vocational aspirations of secondary school students in Nigeria: Implications for peace, curriculum planners and special educators in Nigeria. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction 7(2), 18–34.
Nwankwo, Nwoke, Chukwuocha, Obbany, Nwoga, iwuagwu and Okereke (2010) Psychology of Lessing.The human perspectives. Port Harcourt: Pam Unique Publisher.
Oakes, J.M., & Rossi, P.H. (2012). The measurement of SES in health research: Current practice and steps toward a new approach. Social Science and Medicine. 56, 769-784.
Odoh, L., Chukwudi, Odoh, U.B.J., Odigbo, B.E &Chukwuani, N.U (2017). Influence of parental occupation and level of Education on Academic Performance of Accounting Students in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7, 10, 21-27.
Ogunlade, J. O. &Akeredolu, S. A. (2012). Influence of counseling on career preference among secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Sociology, Psychology, and Anthropology in Practice, 4(3): 26-30.
Ogunshola F., Adewale, A. M (2012). Effect of parental socio-economic status on academic performance of student.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2 (7), 230-240.
Okwo, C. R. (2013).Demographic Characteristics as Predictors of Social Competence and Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Students in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Manuscript in University of Nigeria.
Okwuanciso, S.I and Nwazor, J.C. (2011).International Strategies in Business Education.Awka: Ikenga Publisher.
Osakinle, E. O. &Adegoroye, B. S. (2018).Vocational guidance and career counselling. Gold Prints Publishers, Lagos Nigeria perception. Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 1(2):73-81.
Reynolds, C. (2012). Factors affecting the choice of courses in college.Retrieved on April 28, 2018 from http://www.ehow.com/list_5890546_factors-affecting-choicecoursescollege.html.
Samuel, A. A. (2015). Influence of Socio-Economic Status And School Location on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Accounting in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Victoria, I. J. (2016).Relationships among Parents’ Educational Level, Income, Academic Adjustment and Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Walsh, W.B., Osipow, S.H. (2016). Career preferences, self-concept, and vocational maturity. Res High Educ 1, 287–295 (1973) doi:10.1007/BF00991535.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (2011). Socioeconomic status, Race, Gender, & Retention: Impact on Students’ achievement. Retrieved Nov. 16, 2011. 7.45pm. from http://www.Wikipedia.Com/spam. Zaria, Nigeria.
Published
2020-09-06
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MARK O, O., & E. N, A. (2020). The DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF PARENTS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER PREFERENCE OF IN- SCHOOLADOLESCENTS STUDENTS IN ABIA STATE. GPH-International Journal of Educational Research, 3(08), 20-35. Retrieved from https://gphjournal.org/index.php/er/article/view/298
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