THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PREGNANT TWIN STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY
Keywords:
Basic education, pregnant twin students, public schools, case study, Philippines
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the lived experiences of pregnant twin students in a certain public secondary school in Davao City, Philippines. Using purposive sampling technique, the study focused on the two informants who are identical twins and both in 10th Grade. In-depth interview, observations, and field notes were utilized in analysis of data. Narratives were carefully transcribed, translated, and underwent thematic analysis to generate essential themes. Results disclosed that pregnant twin students experienced the use of contraceptives, physical and emotional distress, anxiety about the future, shame and humiliation, changes and prohibitions, the use of contraceptives, love and support of significant others. Also, pregnant students tried to cope with the situation by means of apathy, tenacity and turning to support systems. Along with the realizations of pregnant twins, the study underscored that regrets and remorse are always in the end, early pregnancy is a momentary setback, teenage girls should know better about life, love and sex, and that love and acceptance prevail in the end. The study encouraged future researchers to conduct teenage pregnancy among twin students in secondary schools where the participants may be escalated into bigger number to generate substantive patterns, similarities, and differences.
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References
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Babalola, S. (2004). Perceived peer behavior and the timing of sexual debut in
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Barnette, B. (2009). Teen pregnancy: One-fourth of Brazilian teens are mothers. Women’s Health Weekly, 3 (4), 14-16.
Basch, C. E. (2011). Teen pregnancy and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. Journal of School Health, 81(10), 614-618.
Bezuidenhout, S. (2009). Child and Youth Misbehaviour in South Africa: A holistic
approach. Hartfield Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.
Bissell, M. (2010). Socio-economic outcomes of teen pregnancy and parenthood: A review of literature. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 9 (3), 191 -204.
Black, K. (2009). Father-daughter communication about sex moderates the association between exposure to MTV's 16 and pregnant/teen mom and female students' pregnancy-risk behavior. Journal of Sexuality and Culture, 17(1), 50-66.
Black, K. (2009). Impact of demographic factors, early family relationships and depressive symptomatology in teenage pregnancy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38 (4), 197 –204.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, Lodon & New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Brown, M. (2013). The effectiveness of a teen pregnancy prevention program that
offers special benefits for pregnant and parenting teens: A qualitative study. Doctoral Dissertations and Projects, 726.
Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/726
Bull, S. (2011). When family support fails:The problem of maintenance payment in
apartheid South Africa. South African Journal on Human Rights, 4: 194-206
and 334-354.
Caldwell, C. H., Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (1998). Supportive/conflictual family relations and depressive symptomatology: Teenage mother and grandmother perspectives. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 47(4), 395-402.
Charters, J.J. (2006). At risk youth: A comprehensive response.
Pacific Grove, California, USA: Brooks and Cole Publishing Company.
Clemmens, D. A. (2011). Adolescent mothers’ depression after the birth of their babies: Weathering the storm. Adolescence, 37 (147), 551-565.
Clerigo, E.M. (2016). Davao region ranks 5th in teen pregnancy rate. Retrieved January 21, 2018, from http://davaotoday.com/main/human-rights/children/davao-region-ranks-5th-in-teen-pregnancy-rate/
Cocca, C. (2006). Adolescent sexuality. London: Praeger Publishers.
Coley, R. L. (2005). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. American Psychologist, 53 (2), 152–166.
Conger, J.J. (2005). Adolescent and youth psychological development in a changing
world. University of Colorado School of Medicine: Harper Collins Publishers.
Cox, M. F. (2007). Maternal demandingness and responsiveness as predictors
of adolescent abstinence. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(3), 197-205.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2006.08.005
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among
five approaches. Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications.
De Jong, A. (2007). Support teenage mothers: A qualitative study into the views of women about the support they received as teenage mothers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36 (1), 49–57.
Ditsela, N., & Van Dyk, G. (2011). Risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy; An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(4), 581-284.
Dittus, P. J., & Jaccard, J. (2000). Adolescents’ perceptions of maternal disapproval
of sex: Relationship to sexual outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26(4),
268-278.
East, P. L. (2012). Adolescents' pregnancy intentions, wantedness, and regret: Cross-lagged relations with mental health and harsh parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(1), 167-185.
Ehlers, V.J. (2009). Adolescent mothers’ utilization of contraceptive services in South Africa. International Council of Nurses, 229 –241.
Essau, C. A. (2004). Risk‐taking behaviour among German adolescents.
Journal of Youth Studies, 7(4), 499-512.
Figueredo, B. (2006). Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: A comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women. Attachment & Human Development, 8 (2), 123 –138.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Genobaga, J. (2007). Teenage girl: What I want to know without asking. Australia:
Signs Publishing Company.
Gerdes, L. (2009). Teenage pregnancy: The onus lies on teenagers. African Journal
of Education, 6 (5), 45-46.
Govender, P. (2006). Maternity leave for SA’s pregnant pupils. Sunday Times, Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Hanna, B. (2010). Negotiating motherhood: The struggles of teenage mothers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34 (4), 456 –464.
Hudson, D. B. (2006). Depression, self-esteem, loneliness, and social support among adolescent mothers participating in the new parents’ project. Adolescence, 35 (139), 445 –453.
Kruger, N. (2008). The adolescent. Johannesburg: Heinemann Publishers (Pty) Ltd.
Lanzi, R. G., Bert, S. C., & Jacobs, B. K. (2009). Depression among a sample of
first‐time adolescent and adult mothers. Journal of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Nursing, 22(4), 194-202.
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Mack, N. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. North Carolina, USA: Family Health International.
Martino, S.C., Collins, R.L. Kanouse, D.E., Elliott, M., & Berry, S.H. (2005). Social cognitive processes mediating the relationship between exposure to television's sexual content and adolescents' sexual behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 914-924.
Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Maxwell, J. A. (2008). Designing a qualitative study. The SAGE handbook of
applied social research methods, 2, 214-253.
Mlambo, G.T. (2005). Perceptions of rural teenagers on teenage pregnancy. Health
Education Journal, 9 (5) 12-24.
Morojele, N. K., Brook, J. S., & Kachieng'A, M. A. (2006). Perceptions of sexual risk behaviours and substance abuse among adolescents in South Africa: A
qualitative investigation. AIDS Care, 18(3), 215-219.
Moore, S. (2006). Sexuality in adolescence. London and New York: Routledge.
Mueller, T.E., Gavin, L.E., & Kulkarni, A. (2008). The association between sex education and youth's engagement in sexual intercourse, age at first intercourse, and birth control use at first sex. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 89-96.
Murphy, M. (2014). The benefits and drawbacks of case study research. Retrieved
November 30, 2016, from http://socialtheoryapplied.com
Naidoo, H.A. (2005). Factors affecting contraceptive use among young people in
KwaZulu Natal. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal Howard College.
Newman, M.B. (2006). Development through life: A psychosocial approach (9th ed.).
United States of America: Thomson Wadsworth.
Nzama, A. (2008). The effects of teenage pregnancy on the school life of adolescent
girls. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal.
Panday, S. (2009). Teenage pregnancy in South Africa-with a specific focus on
school-going learners. Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, 2 (7),
78-100.
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks:
Sage Publications.
Rathus, S.A. (2008). Childhood and adolescence: Voyages in development.
Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.
Recide, R. S. (2014). One in ten young filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a
mother or pregnant with first child(final results from the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from
https://psa.gov.ph/content/one-ten-young-filipino-women-age-15-19-already-
mother-or-pregnant-first-child-final-results
Rice, F.P. (2005). The Adolescent: Developing, relationship and culture (7th ed.).
United States of America: Allyn and Bacon.
Ritcher, M.S. (2005). Perceptions of rural teenagers on teenage pregnancy. Health SA Gesondheid, 10 (2), 61 –69.
Rose, S., Spinks. N., & Canhoto, A. I. (2015). Management research: Applying the principles. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from
http://documents.routledgeinteractive.s3.amazonaws.com
Seifert, K.L. (2007). Child and adolescent development. New York: Houghton Miffling
Company.
Sosibo, K. (2007). Sweet 16 young mamas: South African demographic and health survey. Pretoria: Government Printers.
Stacey, D. (2012). Parents - talk about sex and teen pregnancy. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://contraception.about.com.htm
Strasburger, V.C. (2009). Children, adolescent and the media (2nd ed.). London:
Sage Publications.
Teal, A. (2007). Teen pregnancy: The problem and possible solutions.
Health Education Journal, 3 (5), 45-56.
Thomas, E.A. (2006). Teen pregnancy and maladjustment: A study of base rates. Journal of Community Psychology, 23 (3), 200-215.
Tremblay, L. (2008). Bio-behavioral and cognitive determinants of adolescent girls’ involvement in sexual risk behaviors: A test of three theoretical models. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 13 (1), 29 -43.
Trivedi, A.N. (2007). Early teenage obstetrics at Waikato Hospital. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 20 (4), 368-371.
Turner, M. K. (2007). Young women’s views on teenage motherhood: A possible explanation for the relationship between socio-economic background and teenage pregnancy outcome? Journal of Youth Studies, 7 (2), 221 –238.
Van den, A. (2005). Psychology of education: A dictionary for students. Pretoria: E &
E Enterprises.
Varga, C.A. (2008). South African young people’s sexual dynamics: implication for
behavioral responses to HIV/AIDS. Australian National University, National
Centre of epidemiology and population Health, Health Transition Centre.
Wamelda, R. M., Daclan, G. S. T., & Gempes, G. P. (2016). Pregnant students of secondary schools as descendants of unwed mothers: Some lessons to learn. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 5(11), 24-47.
Weiss, R.E. (2012). Teen pregnancy. Retrieved September 20, 2012, from http://pregnancy.about.com.htm
Weiss, J. A. (2012). Who will listen? Rural teen pregnancy reflections. The Journal of Nurse Practitioners, 8(10), 804-809.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Ziyane, I.S. (2006). Swazi youths’ attitudes and perceptions concerning adolescent pregnancies and contraception. Health SA Gesondheid, 11 (1), 31 –42.
Babalola, S. (2004). Perceived peer behavior and the timing of sexual debut in
Rwanda: A survival analysis of youth data. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
33(4), 353-363.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1992), Self-efficacy mechanism in psychobiologic functioning. In
R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 355-394)
Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere.
Barnette, B. (2009). Teen pregnancy: One-fourth of Brazilian teens are mothers. Women’s Health Weekly, 3 (4), 14-16.
Basch, C. E. (2011). Teen pregnancy and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. Journal of School Health, 81(10), 614-618.
Bezuidenhout, S. (2009). Child and Youth Misbehaviour in South Africa: A holistic
approach. Hartfield Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.
Bissell, M. (2010). Socio-economic outcomes of teen pregnancy and parenthood: A review of literature. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 9 (3), 191 -204.
Black, K. (2009). Father-daughter communication about sex moderates the association between exposure to MTV's 16 and pregnant/teen mom and female students' pregnancy-risk behavior. Journal of Sexuality and Culture, 17(1), 50-66.
Black, K. (2009). Impact of demographic factors, early family relationships and depressive symptomatology in teenage pregnancy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38 (4), 197 –204.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, Lodon & New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Brown, M. (2013). The effectiveness of a teen pregnancy prevention program that
offers special benefits for pregnant and parenting teens: A qualitative study. Doctoral Dissertations and Projects, 726.
Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/726
Bull, S. (2011). When family support fails:The problem of maintenance payment in
apartheid South Africa. South African Journal on Human Rights, 4: 194-206
and 334-354.
Caldwell, C. H., Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (1998). Supportive/conflictual family relations and depressive symptomatology: Teenage mother and grandmother perspectives. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 47(4), 395-402.
Charters, J.J. (2006). At risk youth: A comprehensive response.
Pacific Grove, California, USA: Brooks and Cole Publishing Company.
Clemmens, D. A. (2011). Adolescent mothers’ depression after the birth of their babies: Weathering the storm. Adolescence, 37 (147), 551-565.
Clerigo, E.M. (2016). Davao region ranks 5th in teen pregnancy rate. Retrieved January 21, 2018, from http://davaotoday.com/main/human-rights/children/davao-region-ranks-5th-in-teen-pregnancy-rate/
Cocca, C. (2006). Adolescent sexuality. London: Praeger Publishers.
Coley, R. L. (2005). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. American Psychologist, 53 (2), 152–166.
Conger, J.J. (2005). Adolescent and youth psychological development in a changing
world. University of Colorado School of Medicine: Harper Collins Publishers.
Cox, M. F. (2007). Maternal demandingness and responsiveness as predictors
of adolescent abstinence. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(3), 197-205.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2006.08.005
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among
five approaches. Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications.
De Jong, A. (2007). Support teenage mothers: A qualitative study into the views of women about the support they received as teenage mothers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36 (1), 49–57.
Ditsela, N., & Van Dyk, G. (2011). Risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy; An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(4), 581-284.
Dittus, P. J., & Jaccard, J. (2000). Adolescents’ perceptions of maternal disapproval
of sex: Relationship to sexual outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26(4),
268-278.
East, P. L. (2012). Adolescents' pregnancy intentions, wantedness, and regret: Cross-lagged relations with mental health and harsh parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(1), 167-185.
Ehlers, V.J. (2009). Adolescent mothers’ utilization of contraceptive services in South Africa. International Council of Nurses, 229 –241.
Essau, C. A. (2004). Risk‐taking behaviour among German adolescents.
Journal of Youth Studies, 7(4), 499-512.
Figueredo, B. (2006). Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: A comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women. Attachment & Human Development, 8 (2), 123 –138.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Genobaga, J. (2007). Teenage girl: What I want to know without asking. Australia:
Signs Publishing Company.
Gerdes, L. (2009). Teenage pregnancy: The onus lies on teenagers. African Journal
of Education, 6 (5), 45-46.
Govender, P. (2006). Maternity leave for SA’s pregnant pupils. Sunday Times, Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Hanna, B. (2010). Negotiating motherhood: The struggles of teenage mothers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34 (4), 456 –464.
Hudson, D. B. (2006). Depression, self-esteem, loneliness, and social support among adolescent mothers participating in the new parents’ project. Adolescence, 35 (139), 445 –453.
Kruger, N. (2008). The adolescent. Johannesburg: Heinemann Publishers (Pty) Ltd.
Lanzi, R. G., Bert, S. C., & Jacobs, B. K. (2009). Depression among a sample of
first‐time adolescent and adult mothers. Journal of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Nursing, 22(4), 194-202.
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Mack, N. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. North Carolina, USA: Family Health International.
Martino, S.C., Collins, R.L. Kanouse, D.E., Elliott, M., & Berry, S.H. (2005). Social cognitive processes mediating the relationship between exposure to television's sexual content and adolescents' sexual behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 914-924.
Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Maxwell, J. A. (2008). Designing a qualitative study. The SAGE handbook of
applied social research methods, 2, 214-253.
Mlambo, G.T. (2005). Perceptions of rural teenagers on teenage pregnancy. Health
Education Journal, 9 (5) 12-24.
Morojele, N. K., Brook, J. S., & Kachieng'A, M. A. (2006). Perceptions of sexual risk behaviours and substance abuse among adolescents in South Africa: A
qualitative investigation. AIDS Care, 18(3), 215-219.
Moore, S. (2006). Sexuality in adolescence. London and New York: Routledge.
Mueller, T.E., Gavin, L.E., & Kulkarni, A. (2008). The association between sex education and youth's engagement in sexual intercourse, age at first intercourse, and birth control use at first sex. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 89-96.
Murphy, M. (2014). The benefits and drawbacks of case study research. Retrieved
November 30, 2016, from http://socialtheoryapplied.com
Naidoo, H.A. (2005). Factors affecting contraceptive use among young people in
KwaZulu Natal. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal Howard College.
Newman, M.B. (2006). Development through life: A psychosocial approach (9th ed.).
United States of America: Thomson Wadsworth.
Nzama, A. (2008). The effects of teenage pregnancy on the school life of adolescent
girls. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal.
Panday, S. (2009). Teenage pregnancy in South Africa-with a specific focus on
school-going learners. Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, 2 (7),
78-100.
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks:
Sage Publications.
Rathus, S.A. (2008). Childhood and adolescence: Voyages in development.
Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.
Recide, R. S. (2014). One in ten young filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a
mother or pregnant with first child(final results from the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from
https://psa.gov.ph/content/one-ten-young-filipino-women-age-15-19-already-
mother-or-pregnant-first-child-final-results
Rice, F.P. (2005). The Adolescent: Developing, relationship and culture (7th ed.).
United States of America: Allyn and Bacon.
Ritcher, M.S. (2005). Perceptions of rural teenagers on teenage pregnancy. Health SA Gesondheid, 10 (2), 61 –69.
Rose, S., Spinks. N., & Canhoto, A. I. (2015). Management research: Applying the principles. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from
http://documents.routledgeinteractive.s3.amazonaws.com
Seifert, K.L. (2007). Child and adolescent development. New York: Houghton Miffling
Company.
Sosibo, K. (2007). Sweet 16 young mamas: South African demographic and health survey. Pretoria: Government Printers.
Stacey, D. (2012). Parents - talk about sex and teen pregnancy. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://contraception.about.com.htm
Strasburger, V.C. (2009). Children, adolescent and the media (2nd ed.). London:
Sage Publications.
Teal, A. (2007). Teen pregnancy: The problem and possible solutions.
Health Education Journal, 3 (5), 45-56.
Thomas, E.A. (2006). Teen pregnancy and maladjustment: A study of base rates. Journal of Community Psychology, 23 (3), 200-215.
Tremblay, L. (2008). Bio-behavioral and cognitive determinants of adolescent girls’ involvement in sexual risk behaviors: A test of three theoretical models. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 13 (1), 29 -43.
Trivedi, A.N. (2007). Early teenage obstetrics at Waikato Hospital. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 20 (4), 368-371.
Turner, M. K. (2007). Young women’s views on teenage motherhood: A possible explanation for the relationship between socio-economic background and teenage pregnancy outcome? Journal of Youth Studies, 7 (2), 221 –238.
Van den, A. (2005). Psychology of education: A dictionary for students. Pretoria: E &
E Enterprises.
Varga, C.A. (2008). South African young people’s sexual dynamics: implication for
behavioral responses to HIV/AIDS. Australian National University, National
Centre of epidemiology and population Health, Health Transition Centre.
Wamelda, R. M., Daclan, G. S. T., & Gempes, G. P. (2016). Pregnant students of secondary schools as descendants of unwed mothers: Some lessons to learn. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 5(11), 24-47.
Weiss, R.E. (2012). Teen pregnancy. Retrieved September 20, 2012, from http://pregnancy.about.com.htm
Weiss, J. A. (2012). Who will listen? Rural teen pregnancy reflections. The Journal of Nurse Practitioners, 8(10), 804-809.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Ziyane, I.S. (2006). Swazi youths’ attitudes and perceptions concerning adolescent pregnancies and contraception. Health SA Gesondheid, 11 (1), 31 –42.
Published
2019-04-30
How to Cite
Galabo, N. (2019). THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PREGNANT TWIN STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY. GPH-International Journal of Educational Research, 2(04), 01-36. Retrieved from https://gphjournal.org/index.php/er/article/view/198
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