LEADERSHIP THEORIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW BASED ON BIBLIOMETRIC AND CONTENT ANALYSIS METHODS

  • Dr. Murillo Dias, Patrícia Vieira
  • Leonardo Pereira
  • Heider Quintão
  • João Lafraia
Keywords: Leadership, content analysis, citation analysis, Literature review, network text analysis

Abstract

In this article, we investigated the existing knowledge of Leadership theories aiming at mapping the evolution of the main theories up to 120 years through collaborative networks. N = 3,968 publication records were extracted from Google Scholar through keyword searching, resulting in approximately one million citations. Based on these records, the study performed bibliometric analysis, including text network, citation, trend and content analysis, revealing themes in the field. The findings are helpful to scholars, students, leaders, and other practitioners, to gain a deeper understanding of the timeline, geographical spread, and development of theories. A careful literature review revealed that the scholarly research revolves mostly around (i) transformational Leadership; (ii) Contingency, and (iii) Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theories. Furthermore, the number of citations on leadership more than tripled in the last two decades and might double in the coming decades. This study also suggests recommendations for future studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 6th edition.
Argyris, C. (1964). T-groups for organizational effectiveness. Harvard Business Review.
Avolio, B. J., &Kahai, S. (2003). Adding the “e” to e-leadership: How it may impact your leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4).
Avolio, B. J., Kahai, S., & Dodge, G. E. (2000). E-leadership: Implications for theory, research, and practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4).
Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 421-449.
Bales, R. F., Slater, P. E. (1955). Role differentiation in small decision-making groups. In T. Parsons, R. F. Bales (Eds.), Family, socialization and interaction process. New York: Free Press.
Bartlett, F. C. (1926). The social psychology of leadership. Journal of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, 3(4), 188-193.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1998a). The ethics of transformational leadership. In Ethics: The heart of leadership. J. B. Ciulla (ed.), 169-192. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Bass, B. M. (1998b). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.
Bass, B. M, and Bass, R. (2008) The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. Free Press, 4th Edition.
Benne, K., &Sheats, P. (1948). Functional roles of group members.
Blake, R.R. & Mouton, J.S. (1964). The Managerial Grid. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5): 554-571.
Bogardus, E. S. (1918). Studies in Sociology (No. 9-12). University of Southern California Press.
Burns, A. T. (1934). Note with attachment: Allen T. Burns to Ida M. Tarbell, July 20, 1934.
Burns, J. M. (1978) Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Calder, B. J. (1977). Focus groups and the nature of qualitative marketing research. Journal of Marketing research, 14(3), 353-364.
Cattell, R. B., &Stice, G. F. (1954). Four formulae for selecting leaders on the basis of personality. Human Relations, 7(4), 493-507.
Carlyle, T. (1993) [1840]. On heroes, hero-worship, and the heroic in history. In On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History. University of California Press.
Chapin, F. S. (1924). Socialized leadership. J. Soc. F., 3, 57.
Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., Redfern, K.: A tri-method approach to a review of adventure tourism literature: bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and a quantitative systematic literature review. J.Hosp. Tour. Res. 42(6), 997–1020 (2018)
Conway, W. M. (1915). The crowd in peace and war. Longmans, Green.
Cowley, W. H. (1928). Three distinctions in the study of leaders. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 23(2), 144.
Cowley, W. H. (1931). The traits of face-to-face leaders. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 26(3), 304.
Clark, G. K. (1951). The Repeal of the Corn Laws and the Politics of the Forties. The Economic History Review, 4(1), 1-13.
Cunha, N.C., Dias, M. (2021) Contract Negotiation: When the Detail Saved the Day.GSJ 9(12), 130-141; doi: 10.11216/gsj.2021.12.56418
Dansereau Jr, F., Graen, G., &Haga, W. J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations: A longitudinal investigation of the role making process. Organizational behavior and human performance, 13(1), 46-78.
DasGupta, P. (2011) Literature Review: e-Leadership. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 4 (1), 1- 36.
Denyer, D., Tranfield, D.: Producing a systematic review. In: The Sage handbook of organisational research methods (pp. 671–689). Sage (2009)
Dias, M., Toledo, R., Silva, A., Santos,M., Aragão, M, Junior, M., Rocha, C., Silva,G., Marques Filho, C. (2022) Buyer-Seller Negotiation: Military Cargo Jet Acquisition. GSJ, 10(10), 2481-90.https://doi.org/10.11216/gsj.2022.10.78649
Dias, M. (2020). When You Don’t See the Other Party: Business Asynchronous Negotiations on Intangible Assets. In Fedorov, S. (Ed.), Research Trends in Multidisciplinary Research and Development (Volume 6, pp.13-26). Weser Books.
Dias, M., Pereira, L; Vieira, P., Pan, Juliana (2022) FromPlato to e-Leaders: The Evolution of LeadershipTheories and Styles. Economics and Business Quarterly Reviews, 5 (2), 133-146, https://doi.org/ 10.31014/aior.1992.05.02.420
Dias, M.; Pereira, L; Vieira, P.(2022) Are the Russian Banks ThreatenedwithRemovalfrom SWIFT? A MultipleCaseStudyonInterbank Financial Messaging Systems. IJSRM, 10 (3), 3137-44; https://doi.org/ 10.18535/ijsrm/v10i3.em1
Vieira, P.S.; Dias, M. (2022) A Cultura da Segurança da Informação na Petrobras. IJDR,12(2), 53881-86; https://doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.23992.02.2022
Dias, M. (2020b) The Four-Type Negotiation Matrix: A Model for Assessing Negotiation Processes. British Journal of Education, 8(5), 40-57. doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12389627
Dias, M, Leitão, R., Batista, R., Medeiros, D. (2022) Writing the Deal: Statistical Analysis of Brazilian Business Negotiations on Intangible Assets. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(1), 61-65; doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.1.1233
Dias, M., Lopes, R., Teles, A. (2020) Will Virtual Replace Classroom Teaching? Lessons from Virtual Classes via Zoom in the Times of COVID-19. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 4(5), 208-213. doi: 10.36348/jaep.2020.v04i05.004
Dias, M., Lopes, R. (2020) Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Reshape our Society? EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (EAS J Humanit Cult Stud). 2(2), 93-97. doi: 10.36349/EASJHCS.2020.V02I02.013
Silva. G.B., Dias, M. (2022) How do The Governments Promote Internationalization of Companies? A Multiple Case Study. Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 5(4), 1-10;doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24005.93922
Dias, M.; Pereira, L; Vieira, P.(2022) Are the Russian Banks Threatened with Removal from SWIFT? A Multiple CaseStudy on Interbank Financial Messaging Systems. IJSRM, 10 (3), 3137-44; doi: 10.18535/ijsrm/v10i3.em1
Dias, M., Falconi, Davi. (2018), The Evolution of CraftBeerIndustry in Brazil. Journal of Economics and Business,1(4), 618-626. https://doi.org/ 10.31014/aior.1992.01.04.55
Silva. G.B., Melo, R.C, Dias, M. (2022) Corporate Entrepreneurship in a Brazilian Public Institution: A Multiple Case Study. IJDR,12(2), 53955-61; doi: 10.37118/ijdr.23979.02.2022
Dienesch, R.M., and Liden, R.C. (1986) Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development. Academy of Management Review, 11, 618-634.
Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1(l) 149-190).
Galton, F. (1869). Genius Hereditary: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences. London: MacMillan and Co.
Getzels, J. W., & Guba, E. G. (1957). Social behavior and the administrative process. The school review, 65(4), 423-441.
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter more than IQ for Character, Health, and Lifelong Achievement. New York, Bantam Books.
Goleman, D. (1998a). "What makes a leader?" Harvard Business Review 76(6): 92-102.
Goleman, D. (1998b). Working with Emotional Intelligence. New York, Bantam Books.
Goleman, D. (2000). "Leadership that gets results." Harvard Business Review March-April: 79-90.
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A. (2002). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Goyal, K., Kumar, S.: Financial literacy: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Int. J. Consum.Stud. 45(1), 80–105 (2020)
Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The elementary school journal, 86(2), 217-247.
Hallinger, P. (1992). The evolving role of American principals: From managerial to instructional to transformational leaders. Journal of Educational Administration.
Harding, L. W. (1949). Twenty-one varieties of educational leadership. Educational Leadership, 6(5), 299-302.
Harzing, A.W. (2007) Publish or Perish, available from https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish
Hayes, S. C. (1995). Knowing selves. The Behavior Therapist, 18, 94-96.
Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Management of Organizational Behavior – Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.
Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1977). Management of Organizational Behavior 3rd Edition– Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.
Hodgkinson, C. (1978). The failure of organizational and administrative theory. McGill Journal of Education/Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill, 13(003).
Hollander, E. P. (1958). Conformity, status, and idiosyncrasy credit. Psychological Review, 65(2), 117.
Homans, G. C. (1950). The human group. NY: Harcourt Brace.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597- 606.
Homans, G. C. (1984). Coming to my senses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
Homans. G.C. (1961). Social behavior. NY: Harcourt Brace.
House, Robert J.; Mitchell, T.R. (1974). "Path-goal theory of leadership.” Journal of Contemporary Business. 3: l–97.
House, R. J. (1977). A theory of charismatic leadership. Leadership: The cutting edge.
Jacobs, T. O. (1970). Leadership and exchange in formal organizations. Human Resources Research Organization Alexandria VA.
Jennings, I. (1960). Party politics. CUP Archive.
Kerr, S., &Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational behavior and human performance, 22(3), 375-403.
Klein, K. J., & House, R. J. (1995). On fire: charismatic leadership and levels of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 183-198.
Levine, S. (1949). An approach to constructive leadership. Journal of Social Issues.
Lieberman, M. A., Yalom, I. D. & Miles, M. E. (1973) Encounter groups: First facts. Basic Books.
Liden, R. C., &Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of management, 24(1), 43-72.
Lippitt, M. (1999). How to influence leaders. Training & Development, 53(3), 18-23.
Machiavelli, N. (1993). The prince (1513). Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions.
Maccoby, H. (1979). Sex According to the Song of Songs. Commentary, 67(6), 53.
Morrow, I. J., & Stern, M. (1988). Profiling Superior, Average, and Poor Performers in a Management Assessment Program. Center for Applied Research, Lubin Schools of Business, Pace University.
Murphy, A. J. (1941). A study of the leadership process. American Sociological Review, 674-687.
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving (Vol. 104, No. 9). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall.
Oliverson, L. R. (1976) Identification of dimensions of leadership and leader behavior and cohesion in encounter groups (Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1975).Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, (1-A), 136–137. (University Microfilms No. 76-16, 760)
Osborn, R. N., & Hunt, J. G. (1975). Relations between leadership, size, and subordinate satisfaction in a voluntary organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(6), 730.
Pfeffer, J. (1977). Power and resource allocation in organizations. New directions in organizational behavior, 235, 265.
Pielstick, C. D. (2000). Formal vs. informal leading: A comparative analysis. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 99-114.
Pigors, P. A. U. L. (1936). Types of leaders in group work. Sociology & Social Research.
Plutarch (2019) How to Be a Leader: An Ancient Guide to Wise Leadership. Princeton University Press.
Prashar, A., Sunder M,V.: A bibliometric and content analysis of sustainable development in small and
medium-sized enterprises. J. Clean. Prod. 245, 118665 (2020).
Redl, F. (1948). Resistance in therapy groups. Human Relations, 1(3), 307-313.
Sims, H. P. (1977). The leader as a manager of reinforcement contingencies: An empirical example and a model. Leadership: The cutting edge, 1211977, 137.
Singh, S., Walia, N. (2020) Momentum investing: a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Manag. Rev. Q. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s11301- 020- 00205-6
Smith, H. L., & Krueger, L. M. (1933). A brief summary of the literature on leadership (Vol. 9). Bureau of cooperative research, Indiana University.
Spaulding, F. T. (1934). The Small Six-Year Secondary School. Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, 8(8), 469-474.
Spector, P., &Suttell, B. J. (1957). An experimental comparison of the effectiveness of three patterns of leadership behavior. American Institutes for Research Washington Dc.
Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. The Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 35-71.
Stogdill, R. M., &Shartle, C. L. (1948). Methods for determining patterns of leadership behavior in relation to organization structure and objectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 286.
Vasilescu, M. (2019). Leadership styles and theories in effective management activity. Annals-Economy Series, 4, 47-52.
Venkatesh, Viswanath; Morris, Michael G.; Davis, Gordon B.; Davis, Fred D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27 (3), 425–478.
Vieira, P., Dias, M., Lopes, R., Cardoso, J. (2021) Literature Review on Trust, Psychological Well-Being, and Leadership Applied to the Workplace Commitment. British Journal of Psychology Research, 9(2), 20-37, https://doi.org/ 10.37745/bjpr.2013
Vroom, Victor H.; Yetton, Phillip W. (1973). Leadership and Decision-Making. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Transl, by T. Parsons and AM Henderson.
Wolman, A. (1971). No quick and easy solutions. Environmental Science & Technology, 5(10), 981-981.
Yukl, G. (1971). Toward a behavioral theory of leadership. Organizational behavior and human performance, 6(4), 414-440.
Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American psychologist, 62(1), 6.
Zaccaro, S. J., & Bader, P. (2003). E-leadership and the challenges of leading e-teams: Minimizing the bad and maximizing the good. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4).
Zaccaro, S. J., Kemp, C., & Bader, P. (2004). The nature of leadership. London: Sage.
Zahoor, N., Al-Tabbaa, O.: Inter-organisational collaboration and SMEs’ innovation: a systematic review and future research directions. Scand. J. Manag. 36(2), 101109 (2020)
Published
2023-05-15
How to Cite
Patrícia Vieira, D. M. D., Pereira, L., Quintão, H., & Lafraia, J. (2023). LEADERSHIP THEORIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW BASED ON BIBLIOMETRIC AND CONTENT ANALYSIS METHODS. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 6(05), 01-16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937272